土壤镉的生物有效性、在生/熟大米中的富集、胃肠道转移和人类健康风险：受采矿影响的非喀斯特和喀斯特地区的比较研究

IF 7.3 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Environmental Pollution Pub Date : 2025-05-08 DOI:10.1016/j.envpol.2025.126384

Jue Bi , Huijuan Zhang , Ziwen Luo , Qin Huan , Xue Liu

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引用次数: 0

摘要

湖南和云南是中国的水稻生产大省，矿产资源丰富，采矿活动密集。与湖南不同，云南地处喀斯特地区，地球化学特征是金属本底浓度高。然而，土壤pH值、Cd含量/有效性、水稻Cd积累/生物可及性以及总/生物可及性Cd健康风险在非喀斯特/喀斯特地区与无/自然高背景金属地区之间的差异是难以捉摸的。因此，在湖南（n = 25）和云南（n = 44）受采矿影响的地区收集成对的土壤和水稻样本，并与未受采矿影响的地区（n = 15）进行比较。云南喀斯特区土壤pH值比湖南非喀斯特区土壤pH值高1个单位。此外，数据清楚地显示了采矿对土壤Cd污染的影响，受采矿影响地区的土壤Cd含量是未受采矿影响地区的6.64倍（2.99 vs 0.45 mg kg−1）。云南虽然处于地球化学高背景区，但土壤Cd含量低于湖南（2.99 vs 3.35 mg kg−1），但仍超出国家标准72.0 ~ 81.0%。云南土壤pH值较高（6.48 vs. 7.54），总Cd含量较低，但有效Cd浓度较高（1.02 vs. 0.78 mg kg - 1），有效Cd含量较高（34.7% vs. 19.3%），导致水稻Cd累积量较低（0.32 vs. 0.41 mg kg - 1）。说明pH值不驱动土壤Cd有效性，土壤有效Cd不驱动水稻籽粒Cd积累。此外，冲洗和蒸煮对Cd的去除率为26.0 ~ 34.0%，但仍有39.0 ~ 52.0%的稻米不合格，21.0 ~ 44.0%存在风险（THQ>1）。湖南水稻-镉的生物可及性高于云南，胃期（GP）高于胃肠期（GI）（59.9% ~ 88.0%）。但GP的生物可及性为7.70%，为100%，提示需要制定生物可及性测定的标准对照物，并明确影响评价准确性的因素。

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Soil Cd bioavailability, enrichment in raw/cooked rice, transfer to gastrointestinal tract and human health risk: A comparative study in mining-impacted non-karst and karst areas

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Soil Cd bioavailability, enrichment in raw/cooked rice, transfer to gastrointestinal tract and human health risk: A comparative study in mining-impacted non-karst and karst areas

Hunan and Yunnan are key rice producing provinces in China, both have abundant mineral resources and intensive mining activities. Unlike Hunan, Yunnan is located in karst areas and characterized by geochemically high background concentration of metals. However, the difference of soil pH, Cd content/availability, Cd accumulation/bioaccessibility in rice, and total/bioaccessible Cd-based health risk between areas of non-karst/karst and without/with naturally high background metals is elusive. Therefore, paired soil and rice samples were collected in mining-affected regions in Hunan (n = 25) and Yunnan (n = 44), with unaffected sites (n = 15) as a comparison. Soil pH in karst regions in Yunnan was 1 unit higher than the non-karst Hunan. Besides, the data clearly showed the effect of mining on soil Cd contamination, with soil Cd content in mining-affected regions being 6.64-fold that of unaffected sites (2.99 vs. 0.45 mg kg⁻¹). Though Yunnan located in geochemically high background areas, soil Cd content was lower than Hunan (2.99 vs. 3.35 mg kg⁻¹), but still 72.0–81.0 % exceeding the national standard. Though with higher pH (6.48 vs. 7.54) and lower total Cd, Yunnan soils showed higher available Cd concentration (1.02 vs. 0.78 mg kg⁻¹) and Cd availability (34.7 % vs. 19.3 %), which however, leading to lower Cd accumulation in rice (0.32 vs. 0.41 mg kg⁻¹). This suggested that pH value did not drive soil Cd availability and soil available Cd did not drive Cd accumulation in rice grains in the experimental paddy fields. Besides, rinsing and cooking removed 26.0–34.0 % of Cd, but still 39.0–52.0 % of cooked-rice failing national standard and 21.0–44.0 % showing risk (THQ>1). Rice-Cd bioaccessibility was higher in Hunan than Yunnan and gastric (GP) than gastrointestinal phase (GI) (59.9–88.0 % vs. 20.9–36.4 %). However, 7.70 % of GP bioaccessibility >100 %, implying that standard reference materials for bioaccessibility assays should be developed and factors affecting assessment accuracy should be clarified.

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来源期刊

Environmental Pollution 环境科学-环境科学

CiteScore

16.00

自引率

6.70%

发文量

2082

审稿时长

2.9 months

期刊介绍： Environmental Pollution is an international peer-reviewed journal that publishes high-quality research papers and review articles covering all aspects of environmental pollution and its impacts on ecosystems and human health. Subject areas include, but are not limited to: • Sources and occurrences of pollutants that are clearly defined and measured in environmental compartments, food and food-related items, and human bodies; • Interlinks between contaminant exposure and biological, ecological, and human health effects, including those of climate change; • Contaminants of emerging concerns (including but not limited to antibiotic resistant microorganisms or genes, microplastics/nanoplastics, electronic wastes, light, and noise) and/or their biological, ecological, or human health effects; • Laboratory and field studies on the remediation/mitigation of environmental pollution via new techniques and with clear links to biological, ecological, or human health effects; • Modeling of pollution processes, patterns, or trends that is of clear environmental and/or human health interest; • New techniques that measure and examine environmental occurrences, transport, behavior, and effects of pollutants within the environment or the laboratory, provided that they can be clearly used to address problems within regional or global environmental compartments.