Chemical constituents of Engleromyces sinensis and their chemotaxonomic significance

Twenty-three compounds were isolated from the fruiting body of Engleromyces sinensis, including three ergosterols (1–3), five phenolic derivatives (4–8), five alkaloids (9–13), one lactone (14), and nine aliphatic derivatives (15–23). The structures of all compounds were identified using NMR spectroscopy by comparison with previously reported data. Except for compounds 4, 5, 7, and 9, all other compounds were isolated from the family Xylariaceae for the first time. Compounds 1, 9, 10, 16, 18, 19, 20, and 22 exhibited inhibitory effects on α-glucosidase in vitro, with 18 showing the most significant inhibitory efficacy (IC₅₀ = 1.58 ± 0.05 μM). Molecular docking was performed on 18 to analyze potential binding sites. Additionally, the chemotaxonomic significance of these compounds was discussed.