Computational simulation of perovskite and silicon solar panel operating temperatures in varying ambient conditions

In this study, the thermal behavior of perovskite panels is modeled in different ambient conditions, and simulated operation temperatures are compared with those of more commonly studied silicon solar panels. One specific need is for temperature model parameters for perovskite panels, to make, for instance, photovoltaic power prediction models that are more consistent with those of silicon solar panels. While the operating temperature of perovskite panels has gained less attention, it impacts their stability more compared with silicon devices. The applied 3D model allows studying the effects of varying ambient conditions on the heat distribution and temperature of commercial-sized panels. The results show that replacing the standard crystalline silicon with a typical perovskite absorber of ca. $1.6\mathrm{eV}$ band gap as the active material may significantly reduce the module temperature in normal operation: the modeled average cell temperature of the perovskite module was ca. $7°C$ less than that of the silicon module under reference conditions (ambient temperature $20°C$, wind speed $1\mathrm{m/s}$, and solar irradiance $800{\mathrm{W/m}}^2$). The novelty of the study is the predicted set of perovskite-module-specific model parameters for the Sandia ($a=-3.77$, $b=-0.129$), Faiman ($U_{\mathrm{L0}}=37.93{\mathrm{W/m}}^{2}K$, $U_{\mathrm{L1}}=10.47{\mathrm{Ws/m}}^{3}K$), PVsyst ($U_0=19.29{\mathrm{W/m}}^{2}K$, $U_1=5.27{\mathrm{Ws/m}}^{3}K$), Mattei ($U_{\mathrm{PV}}=4.49v+16.65$, $v$ is the wind speed), and TRNSYS ($U_{\mathrm{Loss}}=4.54v+16.38$) models that were determined by fitting these models to the simulated temperature data in the varying ambient conditions. These parameters enable estimation of perovskite panel temperature in varying outdoor conditions with existing PV system models.