Habits and vulnerability or resilience to stress – Impact on depressive disorders

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is prevalent worldwide and impacts the health and quality of life of millions of people. MDD is a condition influenced by a complex interplay of genetic, psychological and environmental factors. This narrative review examines the roles of stress vulnerability, resilience, and lifestyle habits in shaping the risk of depression, emphasizing holistic approaches that address both biological and environmental factors in mental health management. Vulnerability to stress, influenced by factors such as childhood adversity and personality traits such as neuroticism, increases the probability of MDD. On the other hand, resilience acts as a protective mechanism, reducing stress reactivity and supporting mental health. The main findings suggest that healthy lifestyle habits, including consistent sleep patterns, a balanced diet and regular exercise, play significant roles in increasing resilience and preventing depressive symptoms. Interventions to build resilience, such as emotional skills training and promoting a growth mindset, have been proven effective in reducing depressive symptoms. Overall, the findings suggest that lifestyle modifications combined with psychological strategies to build resilience can significantly reduce depressive disorders. This study advocates for personalized therapeutic strategies that consider the multifactorial nature of depressive disorders, integrating psychological and lifestyle interventions to enhance resilience and mental health.