Suspenseful indirectness in gangster film dialogue: A pragma-stylistic study of Scorsese’s mob bosses

In gangster movies, mob bosses typically communicate their criminal objectives to henchmen or adversaries in opaque ways. This type of discursive behaviour considerably contributes to the creation of suspense for film audiences, since a startling sense of uncertainty and anticipation is evoked until the intimidatory words eventually culminate in violent actions. This paper adopts a qualitative pragma-stylistic approach based on speech act theory and research on indirectness, aiming to identify stylistic devices in threatening utterances that trigger suspenseful entertainment. The dataset under discussion comprises the three acclaimed feature films Casino (1995), The Departed (2006), and The Irishman (2019) by influential US-American director Martin Scorsese. As will be shown, suspenseful indirectness is created by a number of lexicosemantic cues, including euphemisms, metaphors, general nouns, and epistemic modals. In addition, indirect utterances rely on grammatical techniques such as unresolved pronouns and rhetorical questions. Finally, suspense is triggered by metacommunicative speech acts that support effective mobster communication by referring to the hearers’ comprehension or the speakers’ intention behind their menacing utterances.