Multi-dimensional applications of MXene in human health: From disease prevention, diagnosis, to rehabilitation

Two-dimensional MXene materials with outstanding physicochemical and biological properties have tremendous potential in a wide range of biomedical applications, offering the possibility of supporting various technologies critical to human health, from diagnostics to rehabilitation. Nevertheless, fewer publications are devoted to offering a comprehensive overview of the relationship between their synthetic techniques, properties, and biomedical applications, which has impeded the full realization of the potential inherent in MXenes. This review thus aims to address this gap by offering an in-depth exploration of MXenes' synthesis methods, unique properties, and diverse applications across biomedical and healthcare fields. These include disease diagnosis, nanomedicine, tissue engineering, infection therapy, health monitoring, rehabilitation, and implantable devices. Based on these literature reviews, the prevailing limitations, challenges, and prospectives of MXenes in the health field are proposed and discussed, thereby serving as a roadmap to inspire researchers for their study of using MXene-based materials in future health-related applications.