Fluorescent Bis-Dihydropyridine Hybrids: Design, Synthesis, and Redox Properties

A set of eight fluorescent symmetric and nonsymmetric bis-dihydropyridine hybrid molecules (DHP–DHP) are designed and synthesized through the sequential multicomponent Hantzsch ester synthesis followed by the azide-alkyne cycloaddition reaction methodology with the formation of a nonenolizable triazole linker between the two dihydropyridine portions. The luminescence properties are evaluated by absorption and fluorescence emission (steady-state and time-resolved) techniques, aided by density functional theory calculations. The redox properties of this new series of DHP derivatives are also evaluated.