Alessandro Pozzi, Andrea Laureti, Isaac Tawil, James Chow, Luis Azevedo, Vincent Fehmer, Irena Sailer
{"title":"口腔内摄影测量：体外种植体全弓数字印模新技术的真实性评估","authors":"Alessandro Pozzi, Andrea Laureti, Isaac Tawil, James Chow, Luis Azevedo, Vincent Fehmer, Irena Sailer","doi":"10.1111/cid.70049","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div>\n \n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Objectives</h3>\n \n <p>To investigate the trueness of intraoral photogrammetry (IPG) technology for complete-arch implant digital impression and evaluate the effect of implant number.</p>\n </section>\n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Material and Methods</h3>\n \n <p>All data were fully anonymized in compliance with ethical standards, and a total of 30 complete-arch patient models with 4 (<i>n</i> = 13), 5 (<i>n</i> = 9), or 6 (<i>n</i> = 8) implants were selected from the archive. Digital impressions were taken with IPG and a desktop scanner. Test and reference standard tessellation language (STL) files were superimposed using a best-fit algorithm. For each implant position, mean linear (Δ<i>X</i>, Δ<i>Y</i>, Δ<i>Z</i> axes) and angular deviations (ΔANGLE) and three-dimensional (3D) Euclidean distances (ΔEUC) were measured as primary outcomes with a dedicated software program (Hyper Cad S, Cam HyperMill, Open Mind Technologies) and reported as descriptive statistics. Secondary aim was to determine using linear mixed models whether implant number affected trueness. All statistical analyses were conducted using Stata 18 (Stata Corp, College Station) and significance was set at 0.05.</p>\n </section>\n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Results</h3>\n \n <p>A total of 30 definitive casts with 4 (<i>n</i> = 13), 5 (<i>n</i> = 8), and 6 (<i>n</i> = 9) multi-unit abutment (MUA) analogs were analyzed (<i>n</i> = 146 implant positions). The mean deviations along the <i>X</i>-axis were −3.97 ± 32.8 μm, while along the <i>Y</i>-axis, they were −1.97 ± 25.03 μm. For the <i>Z</i>-axis, a greater deviation of −33 ± 34.77 μm was observed. The 3D Euclidean distance deviation measured 57.22 ± 27.41 μm, and the angular deviation was 0.26° ± 0.19°. Statistically significant deviations were experienced for Δ<i>Z</i>, ΔEUC, and ΔANGLE (<i>p</i> < 0.01). Additionally, the number of implants had a statistically significant effect only on the <i>Z</i>-axis deviation (<i>p</i> = 0.03).</p>\n </section>\n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Conclusions</h3>\n \n <p>Within study limitations, IPG technology was feasible for complete-arch digital implant impression with mean linear, angular, and 3D deviations far below the acceptable range for a passive fit. Reported IPG trueness might avoid a rigid prototype try-in. The implant number had no influence on trueness except for Z-axis deviations. Integrating photogrammetry with intraoral optical scanning (IOS) improved practicality, optimizing the digital workflow. Further clinical trials are needed to confirm these findings.</p>\n </section>\n </div>","PeriodicalId":50679,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Implant Dentistry and Related Research","volume":"27 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7000,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/cid.70049","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Intra Oral Photogrammetry: Trueness Evaluation of Novel Technology for Implant Complete-Arch Digital Impression In Vitro\",\"authors\":\"Alessandro Pozzi, Andrea Laureti, Isaac Tawil, James Chow, Luis Azevedo, Vincent Fehmer, Irena Sailer\",\"doi\":\"10.1111/cid.70049\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div>\\n \\n \\n <section>\\n \\n <h3> Objectives</h3>\\n \\n <p>To investigate the trueness of intraoral photogrammetry (IPG) technology for complete-arch implant digital impression and evaluate the effect of implant number.</p>\\n </section>\\n \\n <section>\\n \\n <h3> Material and Methods</h3>\\n \\n <p>All data were fully anonymized in compliance with ethical standards, and a total of 30 complete-arch patient models with 4 (<i>n</i> = 13), 5 (<i>n</i> = 9), or 6 (<i>n</i> = 8) implants were selected from the archive. Digital impressions were taken with IPG and a desktop scanner. Test and reference standard tessellation language (STL) files were superimposed using a best-fit algorithm. For each implant position, mean linear (Δ<i>X</i>, Δ<i>Y</i>, Δ<i>Z</i> axes) and angular deviations (ΔANGLE) and three-dimensional (3D) Euclidean distances (ΔEUC) were measured as primary outcomes with a dedicated software program (Hyper Cad S, Cam HyperMill, Open Mind Technologies) and reported as descriptive statistics. Secondary aim was to determine using linear mixed models whether implant number affected trueness. All statistical analyses were conducted using Stata 18 (Stata Corp, College Station) and significance was set at 0.05.</p>\\n </section>\\n \\n <section>\\n \\n <h3> Results</h3>\\n \\n <p>A total of 30 definitive casts with 4 (<i>n</i> = 13), 5 (<i>n</i> = 8), and 6 (<i>n</i> = 9) multi-unit abutment (MUA) analogs were analyzed (<i>n</i> = 146 implant positions). The mean deviations along the <i>X</i>-axis were −3.97 ± 32.8 μm, while along the <i>Y</i>-axis, they were −1.97 ± 25.03 μm. For the <i>Z</i>-axis, a greater deviation of −33 ± 34.77 μm was observed. The 3D Euclidean distance deviation measured 57.22 ± 27.41 μm, and the angular deviation was 0.26° ± 0.19°. Statistically significant deviations were experienced for Δ<i>Z</i>, ΔEUC, and ΔANGLE (<i>p</i> < 0.01). Additionally, the number of implants had a statistically significant effect only on the <i>Z</i>-axis deviation (<i>p</i> = 0.03).</p>\\n </section>\\n \\n <section>\\n \\n <h3> Conclusions</h3>\\n \\n <p>Within study limitations, IPG technology was feasible for complete-arch digital implant impression with mean linear, angular, and 3D deviations far below the acceptable range for a passive fit. Reported IPG trueness might avoid a rigid prototype try-in. The implant number had no influence on trueness except for Z-axis deviations. Integrating photogrammetry with intraoral optical scanning (IOS) improved practicality, optimizing the digital workflow. 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Intra Oral Photogrammetry: Trueness Evaluation of Novel Technology for Implant Complete-Arch Digital Impression In Vitro
Objectives
To investigate the trueness of intraoral photogrammetry (IPG) technology for complete-arch implant digital impression and evaluate the effect of implant number.
Material and Methods
All data were fully anonymized in compliance with ethical standards, and a total of 30 complete-arch patient models with 4 (n = 13), 5 (n = 9), or 6 (n = 8) implants were selected from the archive. Digital impressions were taken with IPG and a desktop scanner. Test and reference standard tessellation language (STL) files were superimposed using a best-fit algorithm. For each implant position, mean linear (ΔX, ΔY, ΔZ axes) and angular deviations (ΔANGLE) and three-dimensional (3D) Euclidean distances (ΔEUC) were measured as primary outcomes with a dedicated software program (Hyper Cad S, Cam HyperMill, Open Mind Technologies) and reported as descriptive statistics. Secondary aim was to determine using linear mixed models whether implant number affected trueness. All statistical analyses were conducted using Stata 18 (Stata Corp, College Station) and significance was set at 0.05.
Results
A total of 30 definitive casts with 4 (n = 13), 5 (n = 8), and 6 (n = 9) multi-unit abutment (MUA) analogs were analyzed (n = 146 implant positions). The mean deviations along the X-axis were −3.97 ± 32.8 μm, while along the Y-axis, they were −1.97 ± 25.03 μm. For the Z-axis, a greater deviation of −33 ± 34.77 μm was observed. The 3D Euclidean distance deviation measured 57.22 ± 27.41 μm, and the angular deviation was 0.26° ± 0.19°. Statistically significant deviations were experienced for ΔZ, ΔEUC, and ΔANGLE (p < 0.01). Additionally, the number of implants had a statistically significant effect only on the Z-axis deviation (p = 0.03).
Conclusions
Within study limitations, IPG technology was feasible for complete-arch digital implant impression with mean linear, angular, and 3D deviations far below the acceptable range for a passive fit. Reported IPG trueness might avoid a rigid prototype try-in. The implant number had no influence on trueness except for Z-axis deviations. Integrating photogrammetry with intraoral optical scanning (IOS) improved practicality, optimizing the digital workflow. Further clinical trials are needed to confirm these findings.
期刊介绍：
The goal of Clinical Implant Dentistry and Related Research is to advance the scientific and technical aspects relating to dental implants and related scientific subjects. Dissemination of new and evolving information related to dental implants and the related science is the primary goal of our journal.
The range of topics covered by the journals will include but be not limited to:
New scientific developments relating to bone
Implant surfaces and their relationship to the surrounding tissues
Computer aided implant designs
Computer aided prosthetic designs
Immediate implant loading
Immediate implant placement
Materials relating to bone induction and conduction
New surgical methods relating to implant placement
New materials and methods relating to implant restorations
Methods for determining implant stability
A primary focus of the journal is publication of evidenced based articles evaluating to new dental implants, techniques and multicenter studies evaluating these treatments. In addition basic science research relating to wound healing and osseointegration will be an important focus for the journal.
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