{"title":"加州农业农药使用中的种族和民族差异","authors":"Caroline Cox, Jonathan K London","doi":"10.1002/bdr2.2480","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div>\n \n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Background</h3>\n \n <p>The objective of this study is to determine whether the current use of agricultural pesticides in California is unequally distributed with respect to race and ethnicity.</p>\n </section>\n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Methods</h3>\n \n <p>We conducted the analysis using publicly available data from the California Department of Pesticide Regulation and the US Census Bureau. We used two relatively simple statistical techniques to conduct the analysis: concentration curves and linear regression.</p>\n </section>\n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Results</h3>\n \n <p>We showed that agricultural pesticide use in California is not distributed equally with respect to racial and ethnic composition. Similar patterns held whether we looked at current data, data from past years, or individual pesticides of public health concern. Importantly for public health, the use of a group of pesticides that, according to California regulations, causes reproductive harm also was concentrated in areas with a lower percentage of non-Hispanic Whites. The percentage of the population that is Hispanic/Latinx is a strong statistical driver of these inequalities. The data also show similar patterns of inequity in pesticide use with respect to three socioeconomic factors: income, education level, and prevalence of agricultural employment.</p>\n </section>\n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Conclusions</h3>\n \n <p>Policy and regulatory actions are needed to reduce these disparities and maintain California's leadership in environmental justice.</p>\n </section>\n </div>","PeriodicalId":9121,"journal":{"name":"Birth Defects Research","volume":"117 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6000,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Racial and Ethnic Disparities in California's Use of Agricultural Pesticides\",\"authors\":\"Caroline Cox, Jonathan K London\",\"doi\":\"10.1002/bdr2.2480\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div>\\n \\n \\n <section>\\n \\n <h3> Background</h3>\\n \\n <p>The objective of this study is to determine whether the current use of agricultural pesticides in California is unequally distributed with respect to race and ethnicity.</p>\\n </section>\\n \\n <section>\\n \\n <h3> Methods</h3>\\n \\n <p>We conducted the analysis using publicly available data from the California Department of Pesticide Regulation and the US Census Bureau. We used two relatively simple statistical techniques to conduct the analysis: concentration curves and linear regression.</p>\\n </section>\\n \\n <section>\\n \\n <h3> Results</h3>\\n \\n <p>We showed that agricultural pesticide use in California is not distributed equally with respect to racial and ethnic composition. Similar patterns held whether we looked at current data, data from past years, or individual pesticides of public health concern. Importantly for public health, the use of a group of pesticides that, according to California regulations, causes reproductive harm also was concentrated in areas with a lower percentage of non-Hispanic Whites. The percentage of the population that is Hispanic/Latinx is a strong statistical driver of these inequalities. The data also show similar patterns of inequity in pesticide use with respect to three socioeconomic factors: income, education level, and prevalence of agricultural employment.</p>\\n </section>\\n \\n <section>\\n \\n <h3> Conclusions</h3>\\n \\n <p>Policy and regulatory actions are needed to reduce these disparities and maintain California's leadership in environmental justice.</p>\\n </section>\\n </div>\",\"PeriodicalId\":9121,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Birth Defects Research\",\"volume\":\"117 5\",\"pages\":\"\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":1.6000,\"publicationDate\":\"2025-05-05\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Birth Defects Research\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"3\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/bdr2.2480\",\"RegionNum\":4,\"RegionCategory\":\"医学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q4\",\"JCRName\":\"DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Birth Defects Research","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/bdr2.2480","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q4","JCRName":"DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
Racial and Ethnic Disparities in California's Use of Agricultural Pesticides
Background
The objective of this study is to determine whether the current use of agricultural pesticides in California is unequally distributed with respect to race and ethnicity.
Methods
We conducted the analysis using publicly available data from the California Department of Pesticide Regulation and the US Census Bureau. We used two relatively simple statistical techniques to conduct the analysis: concentration curves and linear regression.
Results
We showed that agricultural pesticide use in California is not distributed equally with respect to racial and ethnic composition. Similar patterns held whether we looked at current data, data from past years, or individual pesticides of public health concern. Importantly for public health, the use of a group of pesticides that, according to California regulations, causes reproductive harm also was concentrated in areas with a lower percentage of non-Hispanic Whites. The percentage of the population that is Hispanic/Latinx is a strong statistical driver of these inequalities. The data also show similar patterns of inequity in pesticide use with respect to three socioeconomic factors: income, education level, and prevalence of agricultural employment.
Conclusions
Policy and regulatory actions are needed to reduce these disparities and maintain California's leadership in environmental justice.
期刊介绍：
The journal Birth Defects Research publishes original research and reviews in areas related to the etiology of adverse developmental and reproductive outcome. In particular the journal is devoted to the publication of original scientific research that contributes to the understanding of the biology of embryonic development and the prenatal causative factors and mechanisms leading to adverse pregnancy outcomes, namely structural and functional birth defects, pregnancy loss, postnatal functional defects in the human population, and to the identification of prenatal factors and biological mechanisms that reduce these risks.
Adverse reproductive and developmental outcomes may have genetic, environmental, nutritional or epigenetic causes. Accordingly, the journal Birth Defects Research takes an integrated, multidisciplinary approach in its organization and publication strategy. The journal Birth Defects Research contains separate sections for clinical and molecular teratology, developmental and reproductive toxicology, and reviews in developmental biology to acknowledge and accommodate the integrative nature of research in this field. Each section has a dedicated editor who is a leader in his/her field and who has full editorial authority in his/her area.
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