Sustainability and scalability of photoelectrochemical and photocatalytic water splitting by using perovskite materials for hydrogen production

Hydrogen production through solar-driven water splitting is a promising pathway toward sustainable energy, with perovskite materials emerging as key components in enhancing the efficiency and scalability of photocatalytic (PC) and photoelectrochemical (PEC) systems. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the role of perovskites in these processes, emphasizing their unique structural and electronic properties, such as tunable bandgaps and superior charge transport capabilities. We explore the latest advancements in the synthesis and optimization of perovskite materials, focusing on the critical challenges of stability, scalability, and cost-effectiveness. The review also highlights future directions for the development of next-generation perovskites, including innovations in bandgap engineering, material durability, and commercial viability. This work aims to guide the ongoing research efforts in leveraging perovskite materials for large-scale, sustainable hydrogen catalysis production, contributing to the global transition toward clean energy solutions.