Self-Powered System by an Aerodynamic-Complementary Triboelectric-Electromagnetic Hybridized Generator with Triple-Mode Switching Power Management Topology for Wide-Range Wind Energy Collection and Climate Monitoring

Rotary wind energy harvester has always been the focus of attention in the field of self-power technology. However, a conflict between start-up and saturation rotation speed of wind energy harvester hinders the adaptive energy collection from low to strong wind speeds in different wind speed ranges. Herein, a self-powered system by an aerodynamic-complementary triboelectric-electromagnetic hybridized generator (AC-TEHG) equipped with a triple-mode switching power management topology (TmSPMT) is proposed to achieve self-adaptive power supply mode switching in response to different wind speed ranges. Specifically, AC-TEHG integrates Savonius and wind cup miniaturized turbine to achieve layered energy collection over wide-range wind speed regions (1.4–16.3 m s⁻¹), where the triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) and electromagnetic generator (EMG) units have the excellent electrical output with V_oc, I_sc, and instantaneous peak power reaching 664 V/10.83 V, 35.96 µA/19.84 mA and 8.01 mW/62.45 mW, respectively. AC-TEHG equipped with TmSPMT can effectively respond to different wind speed ranges of windlessness, low, medium, and high wind speeds for steadily powering commercial electronics. Finally, a wireless self-powered climate monitoring system is developed to indicate that AC-TEHG equipped with TmSPMT is a sustainable solution to efficiently power Internet of Things sensors in regions with variable wind speeds.