Eco-friendly nanomaterials in white analytical chemistry: Design, role and implications

The integration of eco-friendly nanomaterials (NMs) into white analytical chemistry (WAC) emerged as a pivotal progress for promoting efficiency and sustainability and in analytical and bioanalytical applications. This review paper explores the design principles, development, critical roles and implications of eco-friendly NMs considering the main principles of WAC approach. For this purpose, the rationale behind material selection and environmentally benign synthesis techniques that minimize resource use and hazardous by-products are carefully discussed throughout the manuscript. The crucial role of these NMs in enhancing analytical performance, including sensitivity and selectivity while ensuring environmental safety is also discussed. Furthermore, this review outlines the potential and recent applications of eco-friendly NMs in diverse areas such biological applications, environmental analysis and food safety. The broader implications including scalability and the impact on environmental health, are also addressed. Overall, this study provides a comprehensive overview of how the incorporation of sustainable NMs into WAC can revolutionize the field and contribute to the global pursuit of greener scientific practices.