Digital twin framework to enhance facility management for relocatable modular buildings

Relocatable modular buildings (RMBs) are gaining recognition for their innovation, efficiency, and sustainability, especially in addressing urgent needs during natural disasters or pandemics. Their inherent flexibility, mobility, and scalability enable rapid deployment and adaptation to changing needs. However, managing multiple modular units and their relocation and reconfiguration over time presents significant challenges. This paper proposes a digital twin framework that integrates building information modeling (BIM), the internet of things (IoT), and geographic information systems (GIS) to enhance facility management for RMBs. Through a detailed case study of a relocatable modular school system, the framework's application is illustrated, showcasing its ability to streamline lifecycle management of modular construction, from initial design and fabrication to deployment, operation, and reconfiguration. The results highlight the potential of digital twin technology in fostering more sustainable, efficient, and resilient modular building environments, contributing to the evolution of smart construction practices and adaptive architecture