{"title":"锂离子电池热失控弹射电弧特性及产生机理","authors":"Yue Zhang , Ping Ping , Xiantong Ren , Wei Gao , Depeng Kong , Xiaokang Yin","doi":"10.1016/j.etran.2025.100429","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As the widespread adoption of lithium-ion battery, the incidence of electrical faults is on the rise. While arc faults are commonly associated with loose connectors or damaged insulation, their potential initiation during battery ejection represents a significant and unaddressed research gap in the field of battery safety. In this study, the battery was heated to venting to investigate the characteristics and mechanism of ejecta-induced arc. The results show that the arc can be induced at voltage of 50 V and above under 3 mm and 5 mm electrode spacing, while the critical voltage ranges from 200 V to 400 V at 7 mm spacing. The number of arc events increase if the ejected pieces stuck on the electrode surface since it is equivalent to reduce the electrode spacing. Through the analysis of the electrical characteristics of each arc, three distinct arcing modes are identified: particles dominant, pieces dominant, and combination. Based on the measured resistivity of battery ejecta and resistance estimation of particles dominant arc, the pieces play a more important role than particles in the initiation of ejecta-induced arc. Furthermore, the safety boundary against ejecta-induced arc is proposed based on the critical electric field strength, and the safe electrode spacings for typical voltage of 400 V, 800 V, and 1500 V are 9.9 mm, 14.0 mm, and 19.2 mm, respectively. The results are expected to provide valuable guidance in safety design of lithium-ion battery systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36355,"journal":{"name":"Etransportation","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 100429"},"PeriodicalIF":15.0000,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Characteristics and generation mechanism of ejecta-induced arc for lithium-ion battery during thermal runaway\",\"authors\":\"Yue Zhang , Ping Ping , Xiantong Ren , Wei Gao , Depeng Kong , Xiaokang Yin\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.etran.2025.100429\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><div>As the widespread adoption of lithium-ion battery, the incidence of electrical faults is on the rise. While arc faults are commonly associated with loose connectors or damaged insulation, their potential initiation during battery ejection represents a significant and unaddressed research gap in the field of battery safety. In this study, the battery was heated to venting to investigate the characteristics and mechanism of ejecta-induced arc. The results show that the arc can be induced at voltage of 50 V and above under 3 mm and 5 mm electrode spacing, while the critical voltage ranges from 200 V to 400 V at 7 mm spacing. The number of arc events increase if the ejected pieces stuck on the electrode surface since it is equivalent to reduce the electrode spacing. Through the analysis of the electrical characteristics of each arc, three distinct arcing modes are identified: particles dominant, pieces dominant, and combination. Based on the measured resistivity of battery ejecta and resistance estimation of particles dominant arc, the pieces play a more important role than particles in the initiation of ejecta-induced arc. Furthermore, the safety boundary against ejecta-induced arc is proposed based on the critical electric field strength, and the safe electrode spacings for typical voltage of 400 V, 800 V, and 1500 V are 9.9 mm, 14.0 mm, and 19.2 mm, respectively. The results are expected to provide valuable guidance in safety design of lithium-ion battery systems.</div></div>\",\"PeriodicalId\":36355,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Etransportation\",\"volume\":\"24 \",\"pages\":\"Article 100429\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":15.0000,\"publicationDate\":\"2025-05-01\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Etransportation\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"5\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590116825000360\",\"RegionNum\":1,\"RegionCategory\":\"工程技术\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"ENERGY & FUELS\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Etransportation","FirstCategoryId":"5","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590116825000360","RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"ENERGY & FUELS","Score":null,"Total":0}
Characteristics and generation mechanism of ejecta-induced arc for lithium-ion battery during thermal runaway
As the widespread adoption of lithium-ion battery, the incidence of electrical faults is on the rise. While arc faults are commonly associated with loose connectors or damaged insulation, their potential initiation during battery ejection represents a significant and unaddressed research gap in the field of battery safety. In this study, the battery was heated to venting to investigate the characteristics and mechanism of ejecta-induced arc. The results show that the arc can be induced at voltage of 50 V and above under 3 mm and 5 mm electrode spacing, while the critical voltage ranges from 200 V to 400 V at 7 mm spacing. The number of arc events increase if the ejected pieces stuck on the electrode surface since it is equivalent to reduce the electrode spacing. Through the analysis of the electrical characteristics of each arc, three distinct arcing modes are identified: particles dominant, pieces dominant, and combination. Based on the measured resistivity of battery ejecta and resistance estimation of particles dominant arc, the pieces play a more important role than particles in the initiation of ejecta-induced arc. Furthermore, the safety boundary against ejecta-induced arc is proposed based on the critical electric field strength, and the safe electrode spacings for typical voltage of 400 V, 800 V, and 1500 V are 9.9 mm, 14.0 mm, and 19.2 mm, respectively. The results are expected to provide valuable guidance in safety design of lithium-ion battery systems.
期刊介绍:
eTransportation is a scholarly journal that aims to advance knowledge in the field of electric transportation. It focuses on all modes of transportation that utilize electricity as their primary source of energy, including electric vehicles, trains, ships, and aircraft. The journal covers all stages of research, development, and testing of new technologies, systems, and devices related to electrical transportation.
The journal welcomes the use of simulation and analysis tools at the system, transport, or device level. Its primary emphasis is on the study of the electrical and electronic aspects of transportation systems. However, it also considers research on mechanical parts or subsystems of vehicles if there is a clear interaction with electrical or electronic equipment.
Please note that this journal excludes other aspects such as sociological, political, regulatory, or environmental factors from its scope.