Nano-selenium alleviates tetrabromobisphenol A induced PANoptosis in carp gill tissue by inhibiting TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway

Tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) is a common environmental pollutant with a molar mass of 543.91 g/mol. Nano-selenium (Nano-Se) has strong antioxidant capacity. Therefore in this study, we investigated the effects of TBBPA and Nano-Se on carp gills and EPC cells. The results showed that TBBPA exposure reduced the activities of CAT and T-AOC, increased the contents of MDA and H₂O₂, and increased the expression levels of mRNA and protein related to TLR4, MyD88, and NF-κB pathways. ASC, Caspase1, RIPK1, RIPK3, and NLRP3 related mRNA and protein expression levels of PANoptosome increased, while Caspase8 expression decreased. The expression of PANoptosis-related indicators GSDMD, MLKL Caspase3, Caspase9, Bax, IL-18, and IL-1β increased, while the expression of Bcl-2 decreased. Nano-Se mitigated the above outcome changes caused by TBBPA. In vitro, experiments further verified that Nano-Se could alleviate the PANoptosis of EPC cells induced by TBBPA. The addition of NF-κB activator 1 can reverse the therapeutic effect of Nano-Se on TBBPA. In summary, Nano-Se can alleviate oxidative stress, inhibit the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway, and reduce TBBPA-induced PANoptosis in fish gill tissue.