过去十年(2012-2023)澳大利亚按年龄和性别分层的尿液样本中有机磷酸酯阻燃物的变化趋势

IF 11.3 1区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL
Danielle E. Que, Fatima den Ouden, Stijn Bosschaerts, Ian Zammit, Sandra Nilsson, Xianyu Wang, Christos Symeonides, Yarui Liu, Leisa-Maree L. Toms, Peter Hobson, Daman Langguth, Adrian Covaci, Jochen F. Mueller
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引用次数: 0

摘要

有机磷酸酯阻燃剂(OPFRs)在塑料制品中广泛用作阻燃剂和增塑剂。它们在环境中的普遍存在引起了人们对可能的接触和不利健康影响的关注。在2012年至2023年期间,从澳大利亚人群(187个池代表的18,700人)中横断面收集了汇总的、去鉴定的剩余病理尿液样本,测量了13种OPFR生物标志物。我们评估了60%的池中检测到的OPFR代谢物的年龄、性别和时间趋势。二(1,3-二氯-2-丙基)磷酸(BDCIPP)在两性中的浓度随年龄的增长而显著降低,2-乙基己基苯基磷酸(EHPHP)和2-乙基-5-羟基己基二苯基磷酸(5-HO-EHDPHP)仅在女性中存在。1-羟基-2-丙基双(1-氯-2-丙基)磷酸(BCIPHIPP)和EHPHP在男性中则相反。2020-2021年及所有采样年份,池中男性BDCIPP、BCIPHIPP和5-HO-EHDPHP水平显著高于女性。BCIPHIPP(男性)和EHPHP(女性)浓度随时间增加。风险表征比(RCRs)显示平均暴露低于衍生无效应水平(DNELs)。我们观察到的年龄和性别趋势以及平均浓度与澳大利亚和其他地理位置先前报道的趋势和水平相当。这项研究强调了澳大利亚OPFR暴露的年龄、性别和时间趋势。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。

Trends of Organophosphate Ester Flame Retardant Metabolites in Age- and Sex-Stratified Pooled Australian Urine Samples from the Past Decade (2012–2023)

Trends of Organophosphate Ester Flame Retardant Metabolites in Age- and Sex-Stratified Pooled Australian Urine Samples from the Past Decade (2012–2023)
Organophosphate ester flame retardants (OPFRs) are extensively used as flame retardants and plasticizers in plastic products. Their ubiquitous presence in the environment has raised concerns regarding possible exposure and adverse health effects. Thirteen OPFR biomarkers were measured in pooled, de-identified surplus pathology urine samples collected cross-sectionally between 2012 and 2023 from an Australian population (18,700 individuals represented by 187 pools). We assessed age, sex, and temporal trends of OPFR metabolites detected in >60% of pools. Concentrations in both sexes significantly decreased with age for bis(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (BDCIPP) and only in females for 2-ethylhexyl phenyl phosphate (EHPHP) and 2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl diphenyl phosphate (5-HO-EHDPHP). The opposite was observed in males for 1-hydroxy-2-propyl bis(1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate (BCIPHIPP) and EHPHP. Levels of BDCIPP, BCIPHIPP, and 5-HO-EHDPHP were significantly higher in males than in females in pools from 2020–2021 and all sampling years combined. A temporal increase in concentrations was observed for BCIPHIPP (males) and EHPHP (females). Risk characterization ratios (RCRs) showed mean exposures below derived no-effect levels (DNELs). Our observed age and sex trends, as well as mean concentrations, were comparable to previously reported trends and levels from Australia and other geographical locations. This study highlights age, sex, and temporal trends of OPFR exposure in Australia.
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来源期刊
环境科学与技术
环境科学与技术 环境科学-工程:环境
CiteScore
17.50
自引率
9.60%
发文量
12359
审稿时长
2.8 months
期刊介绍: Environmental Science & Technology (ES&T) is a co-sponsored academic and technical magazine by the Hubei Provincial Environmental Protection Bureau and the Hubei Provincial Academy of Environmental Sciences. Environmental Science & Technology (ES&T) holds the status of Chinese core journals, scientific papers source journals of China, Chinese Science Citation Database source journals, and Chinese Academic Journal Comprehensive Evaluation Database source journals. This publication focuses on the academic field of environmental protection, featuring articles related to environmental protection and technical advancements.
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