Evaluation of the Relationship Between Serum Uric Acid and Cardiovascular Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study in Bangladesh

Objectives

Serum uric acid (SUA) has been suggested to be associated with obesity, dyslipidaemia, diabetes, and hypertension. However, whether uric acid is independently associated with the risk of myocardial infarction (MI), a major type of cardiovascular disease (CVD), remains debatable, especially across different populations. This study aims to examine the relationship between SUA levels and MI in an adult population group in Bangladesh.

Methods

The study included 392 participants: 188 with a history of MI in the CVD group and 204 healthy individuals without CVD in the control group. Anthropometric, blood pressure, SUA, and other biochemical parameters were measured. A multivariate regression model was used to assess the relationship between elevated SUA levels and the risk of CVD.

Results

The mean level of SUA was significantly higher in the CVD group (7.6 ± 4.5 mg/dL) compared to the non-CVD group (5.3 ± 1.8 mg/dL) (p < 0.001). The prevalence of hyperuricemia was also observed to be higher in the CVD group (46.3%) compared to the non-CVD group (18.2%) (p < 0.001). A significant difference was observed in the levels of blood glucose and lipid profile between the CVD and non-CVD groups (p < 0.001 for all cases). No significant differences were observed in the mean level of SUA or the prevalence of hyperuricemia between the gender groups. When SUA was divided into four quartiles, a significant difference was observed for systolic blood pressure across the quartile groups. After adjusting for potential confounders in the regression models, SUA was found to have a significant association with CVD.

Conclusions

Elevated levels of SUA were associated with increased odds of CVD among the study participants. Managing SUA levels and implementing intervention strategies could be effective in preventing and controlling cardiovascular events.