在美国,长期暴露于烟雾PM2.5和慢性阻塞性肺病导致老年人死亡

IF 9.7 1区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
Ke Xu , Hua Hao , Danlu Zhang , Wenhao Wang , Haomin Li , Yanling Deng , Tszshan Ma , Kyle Steenland , Howard Chang , Yang Liu
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引用次数: 0

摘要

由于气候变化,美国的野火事件变得越来越频繁和密集。火灾产生的烟雾会显著增加环境中的PM2.5 (PM2.5,直径小于2.5微米的颗粒)水平,并改变其化学成分。越来越多的文献将慢性阻塞性肺病死亡率与偶发性野火烟雾暴露联系起来,但缺乏长期火灾烟雾暴露影响的研究。我们的目的是评估长期暴露于烟雾PM2.5如何影响老年人COPD死亡率,并探讨这种影响的空间变异性。我们使用2008年至2016年的医疗保险和国家死亡指数数据调查了美国连续65-100 岁的所有老年人。我们根据野火烟雾风险确定了三个次区域,以表明烟雾暴露的空间差异。我们使用时变Cox比例风险模型来探讨烟雾PM2.5对COPD死亡率的影响。我们发现烟雾PM2.5与慢性阻塞性肺病死亡率密切相关。烟雾PM2.5浓度每增加1 µg/m3,老年人COPD死亡率增加9.2% %(95 % CI: 8.8 %-9.7 %)。具体来说,烟雾PM2.5浓度增加1 µg/m3可能会使低、中、高野火危险区的死亡人数分别增加40.4% %、9.6% %和3.9 %。我们的研究表明,长期暴露于PM2.5烟雾中对老年人COPD死亡率有显著影响。值得注意的是,那些生活在野火风险相对较低地区的人似乎很脆弱。因此,在不常发生野火的地区,应强调预防野火。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Long-term exposure to smoke PM2.5 and COPD caused mortality for elderly people in the contiguous United States
Wildfire events in the US are becoming more frequent and more intensive due to climate change. Fire smoke can significantly contribute to ambient PM2.5 (PM2.5, particles smaller than 2.5 µm in diameter) levels and alter its chemical composition. An emerging body of literature has linked COPD mortality and episodic wildfire smoke exposure, but studies on the effect of long-term fire smoke exposure is lacking. We aimed to evaluate how long-term exposure to smoke PM2.5 can affect COPD mortality among elderly people and to explore the spatial variability in this effect. We investigated all elderly people aged 65–100 years in the contiguous United States using Medicare and National Death Index data from 2008 to 2016. We identified three subregions based on wildfire smoke risk to indicate spatial differences in smoke exposure. We used time-varying Cox Proportional Hazards Models to explore the effect of smoke PM2.5 on COPD mortality. We found that smoke PM2.5 is strongly associated with COPD mortality. An increase of 1 µg/m3 in smoke PM2.5 was associated with a 9.2 % increase in COPD mortality among elderly people (95 % CI: 8.8 %-9.7 %). Specifically, A 1 µg/m3 increase in smoke PM2.5 may increase deaths by 40.4 %, 9.6 % and 3.9 % in low, moderate, and high wildfire risk areas, respectively. Our study reveals that long-term exposure to smoke PM2.5 significantly contributes to COPD mortality among elderly people. Notably, those living in regions with relatively lower wildfire risk appear vulnerable. Therefore, wildfire prevention should be emphasized in areas that are not typically wildfire active.
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来源期刊
Environment International
Environment International 环境科学-环境科学
CiteScore
21.90
自引率
3.40%
发文量
734
审稿时长
2.8 months
期刊介绍: Environmental Health publishes manuscripts focusing on critical aspects of environmental and occupational medicine, including studies in toxicology and epidemiology, to illuminate the human health implications of exposure to environmental hazards. The journal adopts an open-access model and practices open peer review. It caters to scientists and practitioners across all environmental science domains, directly or indirectly impacting human health and well-being. With a commitment to enhancing the prevention of environmentally-related health risks, Environmental Health serves as a public health journal for the community and scientists engaged in matters of public health significance concerning the environment.
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