颗粒活性炭从反渗透和纳滤盐水中去除PFAS：盐度效应的热力学见解

IF 11.4 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Water Research Pub Date : 2025-04-30 DOI:10.1016/j.watres.2025.123758

Jiefei Cao, Siyuan Feng, Alireza Arhami Dolatabad, Yue Zhi, Baolin Deng, Caihong Liu, Xueyan Lyu, Charlotte S.Q. Christensen, Joseph J. Pignatello, Pan Ni, Shihong Lin, Zongsu Wei, Feng Xiao

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引用次数: 0

摘要

通过研究反渗透/纳滤（RO/NF）盐水中全氟烷基和多氟烷基物质（PFAS）的去除，我们探索了水处理中一个未被开发的领域。我们首先比较了多种RO/NF膜，发现DK和NF270对C4−C8 PFAS的去除率为90%，SW30的通量较低（8 bar时为15 L/m2/h）， NFX对全氟磺酸的吸附效果显著（例如8µmol/m2）。为了解决膜处理产生的富PFAS盐水，我们进一步评估了活性炭（GAC）和阴离子交换（AIX）树脂，这两种树脂都能有效地去除盐水中的中链和长链PFAS。尽管AIX的性能优于GAC，但对于全氟丁酸（PFBA, C4）等短链PFAS，离子交换的贡献较小，但随着链长的增加，离子交换的贡献增加，这是由于疏水效应促进了向树脂近表面区域的迁移。平衡批实验和热力学模型显示，盐度对GAC吸附PFAS的影响不成比例，随着NaCl浓度的增加，短链PFAS（如PFBA）的吸附减少比长链PFAS更明显。这种减少是由与疏水或静电相互作用无关的自由能成分的显著变化驱动的，可能是由于Cl−离子和短链PFAS阴离子的竞争性吸附或在Na+和Cl−离子周围形成水化壳，阻碍了GAC孔网络中弱疏水PFAS（例如PFBA）的途径。盐析作用被发现是不重要的。该研究为从高离子强度水（如RO/NF盐水）中吸附去除PFAS提供了新的见解。

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PFAS Removal from Reverse Osmosis and Nanofiltration Brine by Granular Activated Carbon: Thermodynamic Insights into Salinity Effects

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PFAS Removal from Reverse Osmosis and Nanofiltration Brine by Granular Activated Carbon: Thermodynamic Insights into Salinity Effects

We explored an underexplored area in water treatment by examining the removal of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) from reverse osmosis/nanofiltration (RO/NF) brine. We first compared multiple RO/NF membranes, revealing that DK and NF270 showed sub-optimal removal (<90%) of C4−C8 PFAS, SW30 had low flux (<15 L/m²/h at 8 bar), and NFX exhibited significant adsorption of perfluorosulfonic acids (e.g., 8 µmol/m²). To address the PFAS-enriched brine generated from membrane treatment, we further evaluated activated carbon (GAC) and anion-exchange (AIX) resin, both of which efficiently removed moderate- and long-chain PFAS from brine. Although AIX outperformed GAC, the ion exchange contribution was small for short-chain PFAS like perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA, C4) but increased with chain length, driven by the hydrophobic effect facilitating the migration to near-surface regions of resins. Equilibrium batch experiments and thermodynamic modeling revealed a disproportionate salinity impact on PFAS adsorption by GAC, with short-chain PFAS (e.g., PFBA) experiencing more pronounced adsorption reduction than longer-chained homologs as NaCl concentrations increased. This reduction was driven by a significant change in a free energy component unrelated to the hydrophobic or electrostatic interactions, likely due to the competitive adsorption of Cl⁻ ions and short-chain PFAS anions or the formation of hydration shells around Na⁺ and Cl⁻ ions, obstructing the pathways for weakly hydrophobic PFAS (e.g., PFBA) within the GAC pore network. The salting-out effect was found to be unimportant. This study provides new insights into salinity-dependent sorptive removal of PFAS from high-ionic-strength water such as RO/NF brine.

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来源期刊

Water Research 环境科学-工程：环境

CiteScore

20.80

自引率

9.40%

发文量

1307

审稿时长

38 days

期刊介绍： Water Research, along with its open access companion journal Water Research X, serves as a platform for publishing original research papers covering various aspects of the science and technology related to the anthropogenic water cycle, water quality, and its management worldwide. The audience targeted by the journal comprises biologists, chemical engineers, chemists, civil engineers, environmental engineers, limnologists, and microbiologists. The scope of the journal include: •Treatment processes for water and wastewaters (municipal, agricultural, industrial, and on-site treatment), including resource recovery and residuals management; •Urban hydrology including sewer systems, stormwater management, and green infrastructure; •Drinking water treatment and distribution; •Potable and non-potable water reuse; •Sanitation, public health, and risk assessment; •Anaerobic digestion, solid and hazardous waste management, including source characterization and the effects and control of leachates and gaseous emissions; •Contaminants (chemical, microbial, anthropogenic particles such as nanoparticles or microplastics) and related water quality sensing, monitoring, fate, and assessment; •Anthropogenic impacts on inland, tidal, coastal and urban waters, focusing on surface and ground waters, and point and non-point sources of pollution; •Environmental restoration, linked to surface water, groundwater and groundwater remediation; •Analysis of the interfaces between sediments and water, and between water and atmosphere, focusing specifically on anthropogenic impacts; •Mathematical modelling, systems analysis, machine learning, and beneficial use of big data related to the anthropogenic water cycle; •Socio-economic, policy, and regulations studies.