Advanced graphene-polymer composites: synthesis, properties, and applications in electronics and optoelectronics

Graphene-polymer composites (GPCs) have emerged as transformative materials for next-generation electronics and optoelectronics due to their exceptional electrical, optical, and mechanical properties. This review evaluates advanced synthesis techniques, including Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD), Electrochemical Exfoliation, and Green Synthesis, which enable superior graphene dispersion, interfacial bonding, and industrial scalability. GPCs synthesized through these methods demonstrate remarkable enhancements, achieving electrical conductivity improvements of up to 50%, a 20% increase in optical transparency, and significantly enhanced mechanical durability. The study highlights the environmental and industrial implications of these methods, emphasizing green synthesis as a sustainable pathway for scalable production. Key challenges such as homogeneous dispersion and robust interfacial bonding are analyzed, along with novel strategies to overcome them. Furthermore, this review explores the application of GPCs in flexible electronics, energy storage devices, and emerging photonic technologies. Future research directions, including AI-driven material optimization and scalable fabrication innovations, are also discussed.