Wrist rotation metrics as digital biomarkers for detecting physio-cognitive decline syndrome in older adults

Introduction

Physio-cognitive decline syndrome (PCDS) is a reversible condition affecting physical and cognitive health in older adults. Early detection is essential to facilitate timely interventions. This study aimed to evaluate wrist rotation metrics as potential biomarkers for PCDS and explore their applicability in digital health tools.

Methods

This pilot study recruited 50 community-dwelling individuals aged 50 years or older from Yi-Lan County, Taiwan, including 19 with PCDS and 31 robust participants. Wrist rotation movements were assessed using a custom device, and statistical analyses, including logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, were performed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of the metrics.

Results

Two rotation metrics, Rotate (60°–30°) and the ratio Rotate (30°–90°)/Rotate (60°–90°), were significantly associated with PCDS. The ratio metric demonstrated high sensitivity, making it suitable for initial screening, while Rotate (60°–30°) exhibited high specificity, supporting its use as a confirmatory test. These complementary roles highlight the potential of these metrics in tiered diagnostic frameworks.

Conclusions

Wrist rotation metrics show promise as scalable and non-invasive tools for detecting PCDS. These findings support their integration into digital platforms, such as smartphone applications, for early screening and intervention. Further studies are needed to validate these findings in larger, diverse populations and to assess their utility in monitoring disease progression and guiding interventions to improve physical and cognitive health.