Muhammad Usman Saleem, Abdul Ghani Khatir, Athar Ali Shah, Quanbao Jiang
{"title":"近亲婚姻与生育——职业女性的调节作用","authors":"Muhammad Usman Saleem, Abdul Ghani Khatir, Athar Ali Shah, Quanbao Jiang","doi":"10.1002/ajhb.70043","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div>\n \n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Objective</h3>\n \n <p>This study aims to investigate the relationship between consanguineous marriages and children ever born (CEB) in Pakistan and the moderating effect of working women in the relationship between consanguineous marriages and CEB. Furthermore, decomposition analysis was used to find out the factors that influence the likelihood of the child ever born.</p>\n </section>\n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Method</h3>\n \n <p>Data from the Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey were utilized, which was conducted between 2017 and 2018. The sample includes 15 671 households, with 63.8% reporting consanguineous marriages. Zero-inflated negative binomial regression was employed to check the association between consanguineous marriages and children ever born, followed by the moderating role of working women in the relationship between them, and multivariate decomposition analysis was used to find out factors that influence the likelihood of CEB.</p>\n </section>\n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Results</h3>\n \n <p>Our results show that consanguineous marriages significantly increase fertility (AIRR = 1.055, 95% CI: 1.034–1.076). While working women initially exhibit higher fertility in the bivariate model, this effect diminishes in the multivariate model (AIRR = 0.986, 95% CI: 0.960–1.013). Second-cousin marriages are associated with higher fertility (AIRR = 1.025, 95% CI: 1.009–1.042), and husband's education reduces fertility (AIRR = 0.767, 95% CI: 0.746–0.787). Rural residence and regions like Balochistan and FATA show higher fertility rates. Decomposition analysis reveals that working women slightly increase the CEB likelihood, while husbands' higher education and rural residence reduce it. Female children and having the last child alive lower CEB. Age, region, and education significantly influence fertility, with notable regional disparities across Pakistan.</p>\n </section>\n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Conclusion</h3>\n \n <p>Our finding suggests that consanguineous marriages and working women are positively associated with CEB. The findings suggest several policy implications and recommendations for government and policymakers, including family planning initiatives, educational campaigns, and informed family planning decisions. However, the study's cross-sectional design limits its ability to infer causality. Future research using longitudinal data is recommended for more accurate predictions.</p>\n </section>\n </div>","PeriodicalId":50809,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Human Biology","volume":"37 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6000,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Consanguineous Marriages and Child Ever Born—The Moderating Role of Working Women\",\"authors\":\"Muhammad Usman Saleem, Abdul Ghani Khatir, Athar Ali Shah, Quanbao Jiang\",\"doi\":\"10.1002/ajhb.70043\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div>\\n \\n \\n <section>\\n \\n <h3> Objective</h3>\\n \\n <p>This study aims to investigate the relationship between consanguineous marriages and children ever born (CEB) in Pakistan and the moderating effect of working women in the relationship between consanguineous marriages and CEB. Furthermore, decomposition analysis was used to find out the factors that influence the likelihood of the child ever born.</p>\\n </section>\\n \\n <section>\\n \\n <h3> Method</h3>\\n \\n <p>Data from the Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey were utilized, which was conducted between 2017 and 2018. The sample includes 15 671 households, with 63.8% reporting consanguineous marriages. Zero-inflated negative binomial regression was employed to check the association between consanguineous marriages and children ever born, followed by the moderating role of working women in the relationship between them, and multivariate decomposition analysis was used to find out factors that influence the likelihood of CEB.</p>\\n </section>\\n \\n <section>\\n \\n <h3> Results</h3>\\n \\n <p>Our results show that consanguineous marriages significantly increase fertility (AIRR = 1.055, 95% CI: 1.034–1.076). While working women initially exhibit higher fertility in the bivariate model, this effect diminishes in the multivariate model (AIRR = 0.986, 95% CI: 0.960–1.013). Second-cousin marriages are associated with higher fertility (AIRR = 1.025, 95% CI: 1.009–1.042), and husband's education reduces fertility (AIRR = 0.767, 95% CI: 0.746–0.787). Rural residence and regions like Balochistan and FATA show higher fertility rates. Decomposition analysis reveals that working women slightly increase the CEB likelihood, while husbands' higher education and rural residence reduce it. Female children and having the last child alive lower CEB. Age, region, and education significantly influence fertility, with notable regional disparities across Pakistan.</p>\\n </section>\\n \\n <section>\\n \\n <h3> Conclusion</h3>\\n \\n <p>Our finding suggests that consanguineous marriages and working women are positively associated with CEB. 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Consanguineous Marriages and Child Ever Born—The Moderating Role of Working Women
Objective
This study aims to investigate the relationship between consanguineous marriages and children ever born (CEB) in Pakistan and the moderating effect of working women in the relationship between consanguineous marriages and CEB. Furthermore, decomposition analysis was used to find out the factors that influence the likelihood of the child ever born.
Method
Data from the Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey were utilized, which was conducted between 2017 and 2018. The sample includes 15 671 households, with 63.8% reporting consanguineous marriages. Zero-inflated negative binomial regression was employed to check the association between consanguineous marriages and children ever born, followed by the moderating role of working women in the relationship between them, and multivariate decomposition analysis was used to find out factors that influence the likelihood of CEB.
Results
Our results show that consanguineous marriages significantly increase fertility (AIRR = 1.055, 95% CI: 1.034–1.076). While working women initially exhibit higher fertility in the bivariate model, this effect diminishes in the multivariate model (AIRR = 0.986, 95% CI: 0.960–1.013). Second-cousin marriages are associated with higher fertility (AIRR = 1.025, 95% CI: 1.009–1.042), and husband's education reduces fertility (AIRR = 0.767, 95% CI: 0.746–0.787). Rural residence and regions like Balochistan and FATA show higher fertility rates. Decomposition analysis reveals that working women slightly increase the CEB likelihood, while husbands' higher education and rural residence reduce it. Female children and having the last child alive lower CEB. Age, region, and education significantly influence fertility, with notable regional disparities across Pakistan.
Conclusion
Our finding suggests that consanguineous marriages and working women are positively associated with CEB. The findings suggest several policy implications and recommendations for government and policymakers, including family planning initiatives, educational campaigns, and informed family planning decisions. However, the study's cross-sectional design limits its ability to infer causality. Future research using longitudinal data is recommended for more accurate predictions.
期刊介绍：
The American Journal of Human Biology is the Official Journal of the Human Biology Association.
The American Journal of Human Biology is a bimonthly, peer-reviewed, internationally circulated journal that publishes reports of original research, theoretical articles and timely reviews, and brief communications in the interdisciplinary field of human biology. As the official journal of the Human Biology Association, the Journal also publishes abstracts of research presented at its annual scientific meeting and book reviews relevant to the field.
The Journal seeks scholarly manuscripts that address all aspects of human biology, health, and disease, particularly those that stress comparative, developmental, ecological, or evolutionary perspectives. The transdisciplinary areas covered in the Journal include, but are not limited to, epidemiology, genetic variation, population biology and demography, physiology, anatomy, nutrition, growth and aging, physical performance, physical activity and fitness, ecology, and evolution, along with their interactions. The Journal publishes basic, applied, and methodologically oriented research from all areas, including measurement, analytical techniques and strategies, and computer applications in human biology.
Like many other biologically oriented disciplines, the field of human biology has undergone considerable growth and diversification in recent years, and the expansion of the aims and scope of the Journal is a reflection of this growth and membership diversification.
The Journal is committed to prompt review, and priority publication is given to manuscripts with novel or timely findings, and to manuscripts of unusual interest.
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