Eco-friendly methods for the synthesis of N-acyl pyrazole derivatives with luminescent properties†

A comparison of green methods for the synthesis of N-acyl pyrazoles starting from aromatic carbohydrazide derivatives and 1,3-diketones is presented. Special attention was focused on reactions utilizing a ball mill enabling the synthesis of novel pyrazole derivatives with optimal yield and reproducibility. The use of this approach facilitated the synthesis of target compounds exhibiting solid-state luminescent properties attributable to the phenomenon of aggregation-induced emission (AIE). Additionally, efforts were made to prepare thin, luminescent solid-state films, allowing for the assessment of which synthesized compounds may have potential applications in organic electronics.