Assessing accessibility and environmental equity in the context of sustained aging: Pathways for age-friendly urban park planning

With the intensifying global trend of population aging, particularly in China where it is projected that nearly one-quarter of the population will be elderly by 2050, ensuring the quality of life and environmental equity for the elderly has become an urgent issue. Urban parks, as essential public resources, play a crucial role in promoting active aging and enhancing the physical health of older adults. However, the conflict between rapid demographic shifts and high-density urban development has led to uneven park distribution, failing to adequately address the specialized needs of the elderly in terms of recreational facilities. To address this challenge, this study proposes a novel method to optimize park accessibility, thereby enhancing the health and well-being of the elderly population. First, we develop a weighted park attractiveness model based on the preferences of the elderly, addressing the current research gap in understanding their specific needs. Second, we introduce the concept of travel impedance, integrating time thresholds for both walking and public transportation, to more accurately reflect the actual accessibility of the elderly. Additionally, through a multidimensional quantitative assessment, we highlight the disparities in attractiveness among different parks, providing new insights into the equitable distribution of park resources. Finally, using a dynamic population prediction model, we simulate future aging trends and propose long-term planning strategies to accommodate changing demands. The findings of this study not only contribute to improving the quality of life for the elderly but also provide a scientific basis for the age-friendly planning of urban parks.