NINJ1 exerts a role in the development of preeclampsia through potential regulation by the Notch1 signaling pathway

Aim

To explore NINJ1 expression in the placental tissue of preeclampsia patients, its correlation with patient status and pregnancy outcome, and offer preliminary insights into the relationship between NINJ1 and the Notch1 signaling pathway.

Methods

Placental tissue samples from PE and normal pregnancies were collected. NINJ1 expression was detected and compared between groups. Correlation with clinical data was analyzed. A PE cell model was established using hypoxia-treated cells. The Notch pathway inhibitor DAPT was used. Additionally, trophoblast cells were treated with different concentrations of the Notch pathway inhibitor DAPT. The CCK-8 assay and scratch test were used to assess cell proliferation and migration. The levels of NINJ1 and Notch signaling components were measured using qRT-PCR and western blot.

Results

NINJ1 expression was higher in PE placental tissues compared to normal tissues. Women in the PE group had a higher incidence of hypoproteinemia, thoracoabdominal effusions, premature deliveries, and a higher hospitalization rate for newborns compared to the normal group. NINJ1 protein expression in the PE group placental tissues was negatively correlated with newborn birth weight and the serum albumin level and positively correlated with the 24-h urinary protein and uric acid levels. NINJ1 expression was increased in trophoblast cells under hypoxic conditions, while Notch signaling pathway inhibition reduced the proliferation and migration abilities of trophoblast cells, downregulated Notch1, Hes1, and Hes5 protein expression, and significantly upregulated NINJ1 expression.

Conclusion

High expression of NINJ1 is associated with the occurrence of preeclampsia and adverse pregnancy outcomes, potentially regulated by the Notch1 signaling pathway.