Layering Sequences of Fibreglass Meshes: Effects on the Quasi-static Indentation and Flexural Properties of Kenaf/Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene Composites

Kenaf fibre-reinforced thermoplastic composites are extensively utilised due to their eco-friendly nature and high strength. This study examines the flexural characteristics of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) composites that are strengthened with kenaf yarn and fibreglass mesh. It reveals how the arrangement of the fibre layers affects the flexural properties. The composites were manufactured utilising hand layup and compression moulding processes. They were constructed with stacking orientations of 0°/45°/− 45°/90° and stacked with KKKK, GKKGKKG (KGRP-1), KKGGGKK (KGRP-2), and KGKGKGK (KGRP-3) for fibreglass mesh/kenaf yarn-reinforced ABS. The KGRP-1 structure exhibited superior resistance to indentation, with a load of 3234.6 N, owing to the outer fibreglass layers effectively spreading the stress uniformly and preventing deformation. On the other hand, the KGRP-3 design demonstrated exceptional flexural strength, reaching 73.5 MPa, thanks to the arrangement of kenaf and fibreglass layers. This arrangement effectively balanced the forces of tension and compression, resulting in an enhanced flexural response overall. The performance disparities underscore the significance of material arrangement in maximising the characteristics of hybrid composites. Optimising the stacking sequences of thermoplastic composites can enhance the performance and sustainability of structural applications. This study demonstrates that kenaf fibre provides a sustainable and efficient reinforcement for ABS composites, hence encouraging the use of environmentally friendly materials in many industries.