One-Dimensional Multicomponent Nanofibers Engineered as Heterostructures for Electromagnetic Stealth Applications

The development of advanced antenna systems capable of simultaneously achieving electromagnetic stealth and high-efficiency power transmission is recognized as a critical technological frontier. In this study, the challenge is addressed through the rational design and fabrication of Co/MnO₂/C heterostructured nanofibers, which are prepared via electrospinning followed by controlled carbonization. Through deliberate component selection and meticulous microstructure engineering, impedance matching and attenuation characteristics are synergistically optimized. Exceptional electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorption performance is demonstrated by the resulting architecture, as evidenced by an outstanding minimum reflection loss (RLₘᵢₙ) of -71.88 dB at 7.5 GHz and a broad effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) of 5.3 GHz at an ultrathin thickness of merely 1.57 mm. Superior radar stealth capability is further confirmed through comprehensive radar cross-section (RCS) simulations. More importantly, when employed as a dielectric layer in patch antenna configurations, excellent signal transmission efficiency is maintained by the Co/MnO₂/C nanofibers while effective electromagnetic absorption is simultaneously provided. These findings not only present a high-performance EMW absorber with multifunctional capabilities, but also establish a materials design paradigm that could be utilized to propel the development of next-generation intelligent antenna systems and other advanced electromagnetic devices.