Goal orientation, time pressure, and daily job crafting profiles: an integration of job demands-resources model and approach-avoidance perspective

Despite the emerging research on job crafting profiles at the general, monthly, and weekly levels, we have limited knowledge of how and when employees combine different job crafting strategies in daily work. Integrating the job demands-resources model and the approach–avoidance perspective, the present research investigates job crafting profiles at the daily level and the antecedents and consequences of daily job crafting profiles. Using two experience sampling method samples (Sample 1: N = 92, four times per day across 10 consecutive workdays; Sample 2: N = 46, four times per day across 10 consecutive workdays), we found four quantitatively distinct (passive, moderate, active, and intensively active) job crafting profiles at the daily level. Individual trait performance-prove goal-oriented employees and daily time pressure were positively related to the intensively active job crafting profile. Moreover, daily job crafting profiles were found to significantly differentiate employee daily work engagement, task performance, and work-family conflict, such that intensively active job crafters reported the highest work engagement, task performance, and also the highest time- and strain-based work–family conflicts. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed in detail.