Advances and prospects of failure modes in key hydrogen-related components within the hydrogen energy supply chain

As a clean and efficient form of energy, hydrogen energy occupies an important position in energy transformation. This paper systematically reviews the failure modes and research progress of key hydrogen-related components in the hydrogen energy supply chain, including the main failure mechanisms of hydrogen pipelines, hydrogen storage tanks, hydrogen valves, etc. Through an in-depth analysis of material selection, microscopic failure mechanisms, environmental factors, and process adaptability, this paper summarizes the current research progress and identifies existing shortcomings. In addition, this paper also discusses the application potential of new hydrogen embrittlement-resistant materials, non-destructive testing technologies and intelligent monitoring platforms in improving the reliability and safety of hydrogen energy systems, and proposes future research directions. Studies indicate that a comprehensive understanding and effective mitigation of failure modes in hydrogen-related components are critical for the large-scale adoption of hydrogen energy technologies.