The study of two-dimensional electromagnetically induced grating in a partially closed M-type atomic model

In contrast to the general implementation of electromagnetic induced gratings (EIG) in atomic systems, which achieve high diffraction efficiency with specific parameters or within a small range of variation, here, we find that the EIG scheme implemented in our partially closed atomic system can not only improve the relative diffraction efficiency by changing parameters in the coupling field regulation, but also exhibits good robustness. In addition to achieving higher relative diffraction efficiency of EIG by tuning system parameters, such as coupling field Rabi frequency, probe field detuning, and relative phase, the impact on diffraction efficiency becomes very small once the Rabi frequency continues to increase after the relative diffraction efficiency reaches its maximum value in the coupling field Rabi frequency regulation. This means that to a large extent, the destruction from external conditions of the coupling field that affects the high relative diffraction efficiency can be avoided. This implies that our research has great application potential and prospects in all-optical switches, optical information processing, and beam splitting.