Self-assembled Gold@silver-ZIF structure-induced dual-enhancement luminescence synergized with interpretable machine learning empower precise monitoring of inflammatory homeostasis

The maintenance of an optimal inflammatory homeostasis within the body is crucial for its sustained viability within a natural environment replete with pathogenic factors. The real-time, precise detection of two antagonistic cytokines (pro- and anti-inflammatory) in an inflammatory state is fundamental to the guidance of precise clinical treatments and thus the achievement of inflammatory homeostasis. Herein, we synthesized AuAg-ZIF, which resulted in a dual enhancement of the fluorescence properties of AuNCs (35-fold increase in fluorescence intensity and 18.5-fold increase in quantum yield) by the anti-galvanic reaction between the surface Ag(I) and core Au (0), as well as by the confinement effect of ZIF-8. Furthermore, a generalized fluorescence immunoassay utilizing liposome-mediated Cu^2 +-induced fluorescence quenching of AuAg-ZIF has been developed, resulting in amplification of the antigenic signal. Additionally, an interpretable machine learning prediction algorithm was constructed, comprising feature extraction, feature dimensionality reduction, model construction and validation, and model interpretation. This algorithm achieves immediate and accurate detection of factors related to anti-inflammatory, pro-inflammatory, and inflammatory levels in the human inflammatory homeostasis (R² > 0.95), which is in line with the accuracy of the current commercial assay kits. This integration of dual-enhanced fluorescent nanoscale materials, amplification strategies, and interpretable machine learning enables the real-time, accurate observation of inflammatory homeostasis, thereby facilitating the delivery of precision clinical treatments.