Biodegradation of dinitroaniline herbicides: A comprehensive review

Dinitroaniline herbicides are a class of highly efficient and broad-spectrum herbicides, and due to their large-scale use, their residue has become an important environmental problem. Degradation by microorganisms is the main manner in which they can be decomposed in the environment, and microorganisms’ advantages of high efficiency, non-toxicity, and no pollution confer upon them broad potential for development in pesticide degradation. Therefore, the isolation and screening of strains that can efficiently degrade dinitroaniline herbicides and the analysis of their degradation pathways and mechanisms can improve the theoretical basis for the remediation of dinitroaniline herbicide pollution. To promote research on the biodegradation of dinitroaniline herbicides, this paper presents a review on the progress in the research on dinitroaniline-degrading microbial strains, metabolic degradation pathways, and degradation-related genes and enzymes. We also discuss the current problems in the microbial degradation of dinitroaniline herbicides and the direction of future research, aiming to provide a reference for in-depth studies on this topic.