丁香酚衍生的三功能环氧树脂：内在无磷阻燃和可持续聚合物替代品的机械增强

IF 6.3 2区化学 Q1 POLYMER SCIENCE

Polymer Degradation and Stability Pub Date : 2025-04-22 DOI:10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2025.111394

Haiyan Ou, Jianbo Li, Ming Jin, Jie Ren

{"title":"丁香酚衍生的三功能环氧树脂：内在无磷阻燃和可持续聚合物替代品的机械增强","authors":"Haiyan Ou, Jianbo Li, Ming Jin, Jie Ren","doi":"10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2025.111394","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>While conventional epoxy resins exhibit outstanding adhesion and mechanical robustness, their inherent limitations in flame retardancy become critically pronounced under the harsh service environment driven by rapid iteration of advanced technologies. Concurrently, bio-based polymers are gaining prominence in advanced materials research due to their ecological benignity, life-cycle sustainability, and structural tunability. In this study, we developed a trifunctional eugenol-derived epoxy precursor (TEPEU), which upon curing with 4,4′-diaminodiphenyl sulfone (DDS) yields an intrinsically flame-retardant bio-based epoxy system (TEPEU/DDS). Benefiting from its rigid aromatic backbone and high-density epoxy functionalities, TEPEU/DDS exhibits exceptional thermal stability (glass transition temperature of 294.5 °C, char yield of 29.8 % at 700 °C in N₂) and superior fire resistance (limiting oxygen index (LOI) of 28.7 %, total heat release (THR) of 15.9 kJ·g⁻¹). Additionally, remarkable mechanical enhancements are observed, with the storage modulus (4.091 GPa), Young's modulus (4.693 GPa), and hardness (0.407 GPa) being higher than those of petroleum-based DGEBA (diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A)/DDS by 48.3 %, 41.1 %, and 49.1 %, respectively. This halogen-free, zero-additive, high-performance bio-epoxy resin presents a sustainable solution for fire-critical applications such as electronic packaging and aerospace composites.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":406,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Degradation and Stability","volume":"239 ","pages":"Article 111394"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3000,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Eugenol-derived trifunctional epoxy resin: Intrinsic phosphorus-free flame retardancy and mechanical reinforcement for sustainable polymer alternatives\",\"authors\":\"Haiyan Ou, Jianbo Li, Ming Jin, Jie Ren\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2025.111394\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><div>While conventional epoxy resins exhibit outstanding adhesion and mechanical robustness, their inherent limitations in flame retardancy become critically pronounced under the harsh service environment driven by rapid iteration of advanced technologies. Concurrently, bio-based polymers are gaining prominence in advanced materials research due to their ecological benignity, life-cycle sustainability, and structural tunability. In this study, we developed a trifunctional eugenol-derived epoxy precursor (TEPEU), which upon curing with 4,4′-diaminodiphenyl sulfone (DDS) yields an intrinsically flame-retardant bio-based epoxy system (TEPEU/DDS). Benefiting from its rigid aromatic backbone and high-density epoxy functionalities, TEPEU/DDS exhibits exceptional thermal stability (glass transition temperature of 294.5 °C, char yield of 29.8 % at 700 °C in N₂) and superior fire resistance (limiting oxygen index (LOI) of 28.7 %, total heat release (THR) of 15.9 kJ·g⁻¹). Additionally, remarkable mechanical enhancements are observed, with the storage modulus (4.091 GPa), Young's modulus (4.693 GPa), and hardness (0.407 GPa) being higher than those of petroleum-based DGEBA (diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A)/DDS by 48.3 %, 41.1 %, and 49.1 %, respectively. This halogen-free, zero-additive, high-performance bio-epoxy resin presents a sustainable solution for fire-critical applications such as electronic packaging and aerospace composites.</div></div>\",\"PeriodicalId\":406,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Polymer Degradation and Stability\",\"volume\":\"239 \",\"pages\":\"Article 111394\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":6.3000,\"publicationDate\":\"2025-04-22\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Polymer Degradation and Stability\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"92\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S014139102500223X\",\"RegionNum\":2,\"RegionCategory\":\"化学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"POLYMER SCIENCE\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Polymer Degradation and Stability","FirstCategoryId":"92","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S014139102500223X","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"POLYMER SCIENCE","Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

摘要

虽然传统环氧树脂具有出色的附着力和机械坚固性，但在先进技术快速迭代驱动的恶劣服务环境下，其固有的阻燃性局限性变得非常明显。与此同时，生物基聚合物因其生态友好性、生命周期可持续性和结构可调性在先进材料研究中日益突出。在这项研究中，我们开发了一种三功能的丁香酚衍生环氧前驱体（TEPEU），该前驱体与4,4 ' -二氨基二苯基砜（DDS）固化后得到了本质阻燃的生物基环氧体系（TEPEU/DDS）。得益于其刚性芳香骨架和高密度环氧树脂功能，TEPEU/DDS具有优异的热稳定性（玻璃化温度为294.5°C， 700°C N₂时炭产率为29.8%）和优异的耐火性（极限氧指数（LOI）为28.7%，总放热（THR）为15.9 kJ·g⁻¹）。与石油基DGEBA（双酚A二甘油酯醚）/DDS相比，其存储模量（4.091 GPa）、杨氏模量（4.693 GPa）和硬度（0.407 GPa）分别提高了48.3%、41.1%和49.1%。这种无卤、零添加剂的高性能生物环氧树脂为电子封装和航空航天复合材料等防火关键应用提供了可持续的解决方案。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

查看原文本刊更多论文

Eugenol-derived trifunctional epoxy resin: Intrinsic phosphorus-free flame retardancy and mechanical reinforcement for sustainable polymer alternatives

While conventional epoxy resins exhibit outstanding adhesion and mechanical robustness, their inherent limitations in flame retardancy become critically pronounced under the harsh service environment driven by rapid iteration of advanced technologies. Concurrently, bio-based polymers are gaining prominence in advanced materials research due to their ecological benignity, life-cycle sustainability, and structural tunability. In this study, we developed a trifunctional eugenol-derived epoxy precursor (TEPEU), which upon curing with 4,4′-diaminodiphenyl sulfone (DDS) yields an intrinsically flame-retardant bio-based epoxy system (TEPEU/DDS). Benefiting from its rigid aromatic backbone and high-density epoxy functionalities, TEPEU/DDS exhibits exceptional thermal stability (glass transition temperature of 294.5 °C, char yield of 29.8 % at 700 °C in N₂) and superior fire resistance (limiting oxygen index (LOI) of 28.7 %, total heat release (THR) of 15.9 kJ·g⁻¹). Additionally, remarkable mechanical enhancements are observed, with the storage modulus (4.091 GPa), Young's modulus (4.693 GPa), and hardness (0.407 GPa) being higher than those of petroleum-based DGEBA (diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A)/DDS by 48.3 %, 41.1 %, and 49.1 %, respectively. This halogen-free, zero-additive, high-performance bio-epoxy resin presents a sustainable solution for fire-critical applications such as electronic packaging and aerospace composites.

求助全文

通过发布文献求助，成功后即可免费获取论文全文。去求助

来源期刊

Polymer Degradation and Stability 化学-高分子科学

CiteScore

10.10

自引率

10.20%

发文量

325

审稿时长

23 days

期刊介绍： Polymer Degradation and Stability deals with the degradation reactions and their control which are a major preoccupation of practitioners of the many and diverse aspects of modern polymer technology. Deteriorative reactions occur during processing, when polymers are subjected to heat, oxygen and mechanical stress, and during the useful life of the materials when oxygen and sunlight are the most important degradative agencies. In more specialised applications, degradation may be induced by high energy radiation, ozone, atmospheric pollutants, mechanical stress, biological action, hydrolysis and many other influences. The mechanisms of these reactions and stabilisation processes must be understood if the technology and application of polymers are to continue to advance. The reporting of investigations of this kind is therefore a major function of this journal. However there are also new developments in polymer technology in which degradation processes find positive applications. For example, photodegradable plastics are now available, the recycling of polymeric products will become increasingly important, degradation and combustion studies are involved in the definition of the fire hazards which are associated with polymeric materials and the microelectronics industry is vitally dependent upon polymer degradation in the manufacture of its circuitry. Polymer properties may also be improved by processes like curing and grafting, the chemistry of which can be closely related to that which causes physical deterioration in other circumstances.