将分散式尿液处理纳入城市污水管理系统对环境的影响：生命周期比较评估

IF 11.4 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Water Research Pub Date : 2025-04-23 DOI:10.1016/j.watres.2025.123630

Hanson Appiah-Twum, Tim Van Winckel, Julia Santolin, Jolien De Paepe, Stefanie Hellweg, Tove A. Larsen, Kai M. Udert, Siegfried E. Vlaeminck, Marc Spiller

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引用次数: 0

摘要

随着城市污水处理法规变得更加严格，将源头分离的尿液处理纳入集中式城市污水管理提供了一种“混合”解决方案。然而，尚不清楚这种混合系统的环境影响与具有低N2O排放和电力使用的高效集中式污水处理厂（WWTP）相比如何。在这项研究中，使用了一项重要的生命周期评估，将三种尿液分离混合废水处理系统（将分散式尿液处理与高效的中央污水处理厂相结合）与处理混合废水的集中式污水处理厂（基线）的环境影响进行了比较。所研究的尿液处理系统包括部分硝化和；蒸馏、鸟粪石沉淀；例如脱氮/洗涤和部分硝化/厌氧氨氧化。此外，氢氧化钙和电化学碱化方法对尿液预处理对部分硝化和亚硝化的环境影响；对蒸馏系统进行了评估。结果表明，与基线相比，所有混合情景在淡水生态毒性、海洋毒性、淡水富营养化和海洋富营养化类别中的环境影响都较低。然而，与基线相比，所有混合情景对全球变暖的影响都更大，直接N2O排放是一个关键变量。此外，在10个影响类别中，有7个类别的尿液碱化增加了治疗系统的环境影响。制定了帕累托前沿分析，以指导决策者将混合解决方案用作减少传统污水处理厂全球变暖影响的策略。使用75个污水处理厂的N2O排放因子，与部分硝化和部分硝化相比，87%的集中式污水处理厂对全球变暖的影响较小；与部分硝化/厌氧氨氧化混合溶液相比。然而，在1 kWh/PE和1.5 kWh/PE的能源需求下，这两种混合解决方案对全球变暖的影响都低于所有研究的污水处理厂。该研究强调了混合废水处理解决方案的潜力，将其作为减少高N2O排放和电力使用的污水处理厂全球变暖影响的一种策略，以及减少海洋富营养化（即氮污染）的一种手段。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

Environmental impact of integrating decentralized urine treatment in the urban wastewater management system: A comparative life cycle assessment

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Environmental impact of integrating decentralized urine treatment in the urban wastewater management system: A comparative life cycle assessment

As municipal wastewater treatment regulations become more stringent, integrating source-separated urine treatment into centralized urban wastewater management offers a ‘hybrid’ solution. However, it is not clear how the environmental impacts of such hybrid systems compare to highly efficient centralized wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) with low N₂O emissions and electricity use. In this study, a consequential life cycle assessment was used to compare the environmental impact of three urine separation hybrid wastewater treatment systems – which combine decentralized urine treatment with a highly efficient central WWTP– to a centralized WWTP treating mixed wastewater (baseline). The studied urine treatment systems include partial nitrification & distillation, struvite precipitation & stripping/scrubbing, and partial nitritation/anammox. Additionally, the environmental impact of urine pre-treatment by calcium hydroxide and electrochemical alkalinization methods on the partial nitrification & distillation system was evaluated. The results show that all hybrid scenarios have a lower environmental impact in the freshwater ecotoxicity, marine toxicity, freshwater eutrophication and marine eutrophication categories compared to the baseline. However, all hybrid scenarios resulted in higher impacts on global warming compared to the baseline, with direct N₂O emissions being a key variable. Additionally, it was identified that urine alkalinization increased the environmental impact of the treatment system in 7 out of the 10 impact categories. A Pareto frontier analysis was developed to guide decision makers on where hybrid solutions could be used as a strategy to reduce global warming impacts of conventional WWTPs. Using N₂O emission factors of 75 WWTPs, 87% of centralized WWTPs had lower global warming impact compared to partial nitrification & distillation, and 91% compared to partial nitritation/anammox hybrid solutions. However, at energy demands of 1 kWh/PE and 1.5 kWh/PE, both hybrid solutions showed lower global warming impact than all the studied WWTPs. The study highlights the potential of hybrid wastewater treatment solutions as a strategy to reduce global warming impacts in WWTPs with high N₂O emissions and electricity use as well as a mean to reduce marine eutrophication (i.e. nitrogen pollution).

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来源期刊

Water Research 环境科学-工程：环境

CiteScore

20.80

自引率

9.40%

发文量

1307

审稿时长

38 days

期刊介绍： Water Research, along with its open access companion journal Water Research X, serves as a platform for publishing original research papers covering various aspects of the science and technology related to the anthropogenic water cycle, water quality, and its management worldwide. The audience targeted by the journal comprises biologists, chemical engineers, chemists, civil engineers, environmental engineers, limnologists, and microbiologists. The scope of the journal include: •Treatment processes for water and wastewaters (municipal, agricultural, industrial, and on-site treatment), including resource recovery and residuals management; •Urban hydrology including sewer systems, stormwater management, and green infrastructure; •Drinking water treatment and distribution; •Potable and non-potable water reuse; •Sanitation, public health, and risk assessment; •Anaerobic digestion, solid and hazardous waste management, including source characterization and the effects and control of leachates and gaseous emissions; •Contaminants (chemical, microbial, anthropogenic particles such as nanoparticles or microplastics) and related water quality sensing, monitoring, fate, and assessment; •Anthropogenic impacts on inland, tidal, coastal and urban waters, focusing on surface and ground waters, and point and non-point sources of pollution; •Environmental restoration, linked to surface water, groundwater and groundwater remediation; •Analysis of the interfaces between sediments and water, and between water and atmosphere, focusing specifically on anthropogenic impacts; •Mathematical modelling, systems analysis, machine learning, and beneficial use of big data related to the anthropogenic water cycle; •Socio-economic, policy, and regulations studies.