Exploring the Thermal Landscape: Comprehensive Insights into Li-Ion Battery Safety and Management

Li-ion batteries have become a leading choice for efficient energy storage due to their high energy density and durability. However, managing their thermal characteristics to optimize performance and safety is a significant challenge during fast charging and abuse conditions. This review article focuses on the thermal characteristics of Li-ion batteries, battery thermal management systems (BTMS), safety standards, and fire prevention and control strategies. The study explores the limitations and safety concerns of Li-ion batteries, as well as the factors that influence heat generation and dissipation. The mechanisms, advantages, and limitations of various types of BTMS are analyzed, and the importance of safety standards and testing methodologies are emphasized. The integration of fire extinguisher systems as a critical safety measure is also examined. The goal of this comprehensive analysis is to provide valuable insights for advancing battery technology and establishing robust safety protocols for energy storage.