Pulmonary hypertension aetiologies in different parts of the world

Pulmonary hypertension is a serious condition characterised by elevated blood pressure in the pulmonary arteries, caused by various aetiologies and via different pathological processes. Over the past seventy years, our understanding and management of this disorder have greatly improved, resulting in increased diagnosis and effective clinical management. Current epidemiological estimates are challenged by the increased awareness of this condition and the changing definitions and classification systems. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) has also shown temporal changes in the epidemiology of pulmonary hypertension over the last thirty years, contributing to regional variations in prevalence and incidence.

This review explores the complexities of global and regional variations in different types of pulmonary hypertension reported through many registries, databases and regional studies. Although these tools can help estimate prevalence and incidences, they may also underestimate the actual number of cases due to the continuously changing understanding of the condition and increase awareness globally. Therefore, continued research, international collaboration, and standardised data collection are essential for achieving a more accurate global view of pulmonary hypertension and developing effective management strategies for this serious condition that significantly impacts general health.