Redefining responsibility for China energy-related methane emission reductions: An embodied perspective driven by consumption

Energy-related methane (ERM) emissions constitute the primary source of anthropogenic methane emissions, attracting significant attention from policymakers and researchers globally. While existing research focuses predominantly on producer carbon emission reduction responsibility, limited attention has been paid to embodied ERM emissions transfer and inter-provincial trade-driven reduction responsibilities. This study employs Multi-Regional Input-Output (MRIO) modeling and Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index (LMDI) method to analyze production and consumption-based embodied ERM emissions in China. Results reveal significant embodied ERM emission transfers from energy-rich to developed provinces due to regional energy production-consumption disparities. Driving factor analysis indicates that energy consumption intensity emerges as the primary reduction driver, while economic activity effect, emission structure intensity, and population scale contribute to increased emissions, with varying provincial impacts. In light of these findings, we recommend incorporating embodied ERM emissions into provincial reduction responsibilities and developing locally tailored strategies from both production and consumption perspectives that align with SDGs 7, 12, and 13. These practical and managerial insights provide valuable guidance for emerging economies undergoing industrialization and urbanization.