爱尔兰沉积物和废水处理厂衍生生物固体中全氟烷基物质的浓度

IF 8.2 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Science of the Total Environment Pub Date : 2025-04-23 DOI:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.179380

Yulong Ma , Martin Sharkey , Ann Marie Coggins , Will Stubbings , Mark G. Healy , Stuart Harrad

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引用次数: 0

摘要

据报告，来自爱尔兰的120个内陆和过渡性沉积物中含有39种全氟烷基物质。我们还报告了来自七个爱尔兰污水处理厂(WWTPs；每组N = 3)。这是关于沉积物中存在全氟十烷磺酸（PFUdS）（7.4%）、全氟十二烷磺酸（PFDoS）（8.6%）、全氟三烷磺酸（PFTrDS）（7.4%）、11-氯二氟-3-草十一烷-1-磺酸（11Cl-PF3OUdS或8:2 Cl-PFESA）（7.4%）和9-氯十六氟-3-草十一烷-1-磺酸（9Cl-PF3ONS或6:2 Cl-PFESA）（2.5%）以及生物固体中的以下物质的首次报告（%检测频率）：pfdo（24%）、PFTrDS（38%）和全氟乙基环己烷磺酸（PFECHS）（38%）。生物固体中所有目标PFAS的浓度都显著超过(p <；0.05)沉积物中。此外，不同PFAS种类的相对丰度也有显著差异。在沉积物中，全氟羧酸（PFCAs）占主导地位（平均占55% ΣPFAS），而在生物固体中，全氟羧酸（PFCAs）平均占26% ΣPFAS，其中全氟磺酸（pfsa）占主要类别（37% ΣPFAS）。这表明爱尔兰沉积物中的PFAS是许多来源的复杂组成部分，而污水处理厂只是其中之一。通过与NORMAN网络公布的预测无影响浓度（PNEC）值进行比较，评估沉积物中的浓度是否具有生态毒性。一般来说，检测到的浓度远低于pnec。然而，大多数沉积物的全氟辛烷磺酸（PFOS）超过了PNEC。总体而言，新型PFAS （nPFAS）如2,2,3-三氟-3-（1,1,2,2,2,3,3 -六氟-3-三氟甲氧基丙氧基）丙酸钠（ADONA）、pechs和2,3,3,3-四氟-2-（1,1,2,2,3,3,3-七氟丙氧基）丙酸（hfpos - da又名Gen-X）在生物固体和沉积物中含量较低；11Cl-PF3OUdS （90% ΣPFAS）在一种沉积物中占主导地位，而另外两种沉积物中分别含有59%和69%的Gen-X ΣPFAS。这表明这些地点的这些国家武装部队的当地来源不明。

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Concentrations of perfluoroalkyl substances in sediments and wastewater treatment plant-derived biosolids from Ireland

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Concentrations of perfluoroalkyl substances in sediments and wastewater treatment plant-derived biosolids from Ireland

Concentrations of 39 perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are reported in 120 inland and transitional sediments from Ireland. We also report concentrations in 21 samples of biosolids from seven Irish wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs; n = 3 from each). This is the first report of the presence (% detection frequency) in sediments of: perfluroroundecane sulfonate (PFUdS) (7.4 %), perflurorododecane sulfonate (PFDoS) (8.6 %), perfluorotridecane sulfonate (PFTrDS) (7.4 %), 11-chloroeicosafluoro-3-oxaundecane-1-sulfonate (11Cl-PF3OUdS or 8:2 Cl-PFESA) (7.4 %), and 9-chlorohexadecafluoro-3-oxanonane-1-sulfonate (9Cl-PF3ONS or 6:2 Cl-PFESA) (2.5 %) and of the following in biosolids: PFDoS (24 %), PFTrDS (38 %), and perfluoroethylcyclohexane sulfonate (PFECHS) (38 %). Concentrations of all target PFAS in biosolids exceed significantly (p < 0.05) those in sediments. Moreover, the relative abundance of different PFAS classes differs markedly. In sediments, perfluorocarboxylic acids (PFCAs) dominate (on average 55 % ΣPFAS), while in biosolids, PFCAs constitute on average 26 % ΣPFAS, with perfluorosulfonic acids (PFSAs) the main group (37 % ΣPFAS). This suggests PFAS in Irish sediments are a complex integral of many sources, of which WWTPs are just one. Concentrations in sediments were assessed for ecotoxicity by comparison with predicted no effect concentration (PNEC) values promulgated by the NORMAN network. In general, concentrations detected are well below PNECs. However, the PNEC for perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) is exceeded for most sediments. While overall, novel PFAS (nPFAS) like sodium 2,2,3-trifluor-3-(1,1,2,2,3,3-hexafluoro-3-trifluormethoxypropoxy) propionate (ADONA), PFECHS, and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-2-(1,1,2,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropoxy)propanoic acid (HFPO-DA aka Gen-X) are present in low abundance in biosolids and sediments; 11Cl-PF3OUdS (90 % ΣPFAS) dominates one sediment, while two other sediments contain Gen-X at 59 and 69 % ΣPFAS respectively. This suggests unidentified local sources of these nPFAS at those sites.

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来源期刊

Science of the Total Environment 环境科学-环境科学

CiteScore

17.60

自引率

10.20%

发文量

8726

审稿时长

2.4 months

期刊介绍： The Science of the Total Environment is an international journal dedicated to scientific research on the environment and its interaction with humanity. It covers a wide range of disciplines and seeks to publish innovative, hypothesis-driven, and impactful research that explores the entire environment, including the atmosphere, lithosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere, and anthroposphere. The journal's updated Aims & Scope emphasizes the importance of interdisciplinary environmental research with broad impact. Priority is given to studies that advance fundamental understanding and explore the interconnectedness of multiple environmental spheres. Field studies are preferred, while laboratory experiments must demonstrate significant methodological advancements or mechanistic insights with direct relevance to the environment.