Aanuoluwapo R. Adetuyi, Sule O. Salawu, Afolabi C. Akinmoladun, Afolabi A. Akindahunsi
{"title":"海棘叶提取物对氯化铝诱导大鼠脑氧化应激、炎症和细胞凋亡的保护作用","authors":"Aanuoluwapo R. Adetuyi, Sule O. Salawu, Afolabi C. Akinmoladun, Afolabi A. Akindahunsi","doi":"10.1186/s43094-025-00803-9","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Aluminum is recognized for its toxicity in humans and animals. This study investigates the protective effects of <i>Spondias mombin</i> leaf extracts against oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis in male Wistar rats. Rats were divided into nine groups, receiving 100 mg/kg AlCl<sub>3</sub> for 3 weeks, followed by a 2-week treatment with <i>Spondias mombin</i> leaf extract (SME) or its fraction (SMF) at 100 and 200 mg/kg. Brain tissues were analyzed using biochemical, molecular, and histopathological techniques.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>Phytochemical analysis confirmed the presence of tannins, phenols, terpenoids, flavonoids and steroids, while HPLC analysis identified kaempferol and other polyphenols, in the <i>Spondias mombin</i> extracts. Aluminum exposure led to increased oxidative and inflammatory damage in brain tissue as revealed by decreased glutathione concentrations and antioxidant enzyme activities, along with elevated levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, nitric oxide, myeloperoxidase, xanthine oxidase, and lactate dehydrogenase. Caspase-3, and BCL2 associated X (Bax) levels were also increased in AlCl<sub>3</sub>-exposed rats. Both SME and SMF mitigated AlCl<sub>3</sub>-induced redox imbalance, proinflammatory events, and neuronal cell death by enhancing levels of reduced glutathione and antioxidant enzyme activities, reducing the levels of inflammatory biomarkers, and preserving hippocampal formation and neuronal cell organization.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>These findings highlight the therapeutic potential of <i>Spondias mombin</i> leaf extracts against aluminum-induced neurotoxic effects through their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic properties.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":577,"journal":{"name":"Future Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4000,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://fjps.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s43094-025-00803-9","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Protective effect of Spondias mombin leaf extracts against aluminum chloride-induced brain oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis in rats\",\"authors\":\"Aanuoluwapo R. Adetuyi, Sule O. Salawu, Afolabi C. Akinmoladun, Afolabi A. Akindahunsi\",\"doi\":\"10.1186/s43094-025-00803-9\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Aluminum is recognized for its toxicity in humans and animals. This study investigates the protective effects of <i>Spondias mombin</i> leaf extracts against oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis in male Wistar rats. Rats were divided into nine groups, receiving 100 mg/kg AlCl<sub>3</sub> for 3 weeks, followed by a 2-week treatment with <i>Spondias mombin</i> leaf extract (SME) or its fraction (SMF) at 100 and 200 mg/kg. Brain tissues were analyzed using biochemical, molecular, and histopathological techniques.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>Phytochemical analysis confirmed the presence of tannins, phenols, terpenoids, flavonoids and steroids, while HPLC analysis identified kaempferol and other polyphenols, in the <i>Spondias mombin</i> extracts. Aluminum exposure led to increased oxidative and inflammatory damage in brain tissue as revealed by decreased glutathione concentrations and antioxidant enzyme activities, along with elevated levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, nitric oxide, myeloperoxidase, xanthine oxidase, and lactate dehydrogenase. Caspase-3, and BCL2 associated X (Bax) levels were also increased in AlCl<sub>3</sub>-exposed rats. Both SME and SMF mitigated AlCl<sub>3</sub>-induced redox imbalance, proinflammatory events, and neuronal cell death by enhancing levels of reduced glutathione and antioxidant enzyme activities, reducing the levels of inflammatory biomarkers, and preserving hippocampal formation and neuronal cell organization.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>These findings highlight the therapeutic potential of <i>Spondias mombin</i> leaf extracts against aluminum-induced neurotoxic effects through their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic properties.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>\",\"PeriodicalId\":577,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Future Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences\",\"volume\":\"11 1\",\"pages\":\"\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":3.4000,\"publicationDate\":\"2025-04-23\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://fjps.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s43094-025-00803-9\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Future Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"1085\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s43094-025-00803-9\",\"RegionNum\":0,\"RegionCategory\":null,\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q2\",\"JCRName\":\"PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Future Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s43094-025-00803-9","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY","Score":null,"Total":0}
Protective effect of Spondias mombin leaf extracts against aluminum chloride-induced brain oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis in rats
Background
Aluminum is recognized for its toxicity in humans and animals. This study investigates the protective effects of Spondias mombin leaf extracts against oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis in male Wistar rats. Rats were divided into nine groups, receiving 100 mg/kg AlCl3 for 3 weeks, followed by a 2-week treatment with Spondias mombin leaf extract (SME) or its fraction (SMF) at 100 and 200 mg/kg. Brain tissues were analyzed using biochemical, molecular, and histopathological techniques.
Results
Phytochemical analysis confirmed the presence of tannins, phenols, terpenoids, flavonoids and steroids, while HPLC analysis identified kaempferol and other polyphenols, in the Spondias mombin extracts. Aluminum exposure led to increased oxidative and inflammatory damage in brain tissue as revealed by decreased glutathione concentrations and antioxidant enzyme activities, along with elevated levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, nitric oxide, myeloperoxidase, xanthine oxidase, and lactate dehydrogenase. Caspase-3, and BCL2 associated X (Bax) levels were also increased in AlCl3-exposed rats. Both SME and SMF mitigated AlCl3-induced redox imbalance, proinflammatory events, and neuronal cell death by enhancing levels of reduced glutathione and antioxidant enzyme activities, reducing the levels of inflammatory biomarkers, and preserving hippocampal formation and neuronal cell organization.
Conclusions
These findings highlight the therapeutic potential of Spondias mombin leaf extracts against aluminum-induced neurotoxic effects through their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic properties.
期刊介绍：
Future Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences (FJPS) is the official journal of the Future University in Egypt. It is a peer-reviewed, open access journal which publishes original research articles, review articles and case studies on all aspects of pharmaceutical sciences and technologies, pharmacy practice and related clinical aspects, and pharmacy education. The journal publishes articles covering developments in drug absorption and metabolism, pharmacokinetics and dynamics, drug delivery systems, drug targeting and nano-technology. It also covers development of new systems, methods and techniques in pharmacy education and practice. The scope of the journal also extends to cover advancements in toxicology, cell and molecular biology, biomedical research, clinical and pharmaceutical microbiology, pharmaceutical biotechnology, medicinal chemistry, phytochemistry and nutraceuticals.
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