Safety of an Unconventional Vertical Transumbilical Incision for Pediatric Umbilical Hernia Repair

Introduction

Umbilical hernias are a common pediatric surgical problem, typically repaired at 4-5 y of age. Vertical transumbilical incision (VTUI) is a less common surgical approach associated with improved cosmetic outcomes. Our goal was to demonstrate the safety of this approach compared to the periumbilical incision (PUI).

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed 402 pediatric patients who underwent an index open umbilical hernia repair for any indication at a single institution from 2013 to 2023. Patient demographics, operative outcomes, narcotic use, and complications were compared by incision type. Data were stratified by age and weight. Analysis was performed using student's t-test.

Results

We analyzed 402 patients. Three hundred thirty-seven (83.8%) had PUI and 65 (16.2%) had VTUI. Mean (standard deviation) age was 5 (3.18) y, ranging 0-18 y. Females represented 55%. There was no difference in age based on incision type. PUI and VTUI room time (79.2 v 83.3 min, P = 0.10) and anesthetic time (37.8 v 33.2, P = 0.31) were not significantly different. Mean intraoperative morphine milliequivalents per kilogram (MME/kg) were not different between incision types (P = 0.99). Average postanesthesia care unit MME/kg showed no difference between PUI and VTUI (3.7 v. 7.6, P = 0.06). There were 6 (1.5%) complications with no difference based on incision: 4 recurrences (3 PUI, 1 VTUI), 1 hospital readmission (PUI), and 1 patient with uncontrolled pain requiring admission (PUI). Stratified by weight, there were no significant differences in complication rates based on incision type.

Conclusions

Our findings support VTUI as a safe alternative in the pediatric population without an increase in postoperative complications, anesthetic time, or MME/kg utilization.