Surgical management of longitudinal vaginal septum: A case report and literature review

Vaginal septum is a rare and distinctive entity within the spectrum of Mullerian anomalies, presenting a range of symptoms including amenorrhea, abdominal pain, hematometrocolpos, and difficulty with intercourse. Early diagnosis is crucial to prevent long-term morbidity and potential infertility. Using diagnostic tools such as transvaginal ultrasonography and MRI, clinicians can identify associated reproductive tract and renal abnormalities. Once diagnosed, surgical correction is necessary, with careful consideration of the surgical approach to preserve fertility. In many cases, minimizing manipulation during surgery is critical, as the choice of surgical instruments and methods plays a significant role in preventing complications such as urinary or rectal injury. Given the complexity of these conditions, further research and targeted investigations are required to refine screening protocols and improve outcomes for affected individuals. Hereby, we present a case involving this rare condition, offering a detailed overview of the surgical management employed, along with a review of the current literature on the subject.