From graphene to MXenes: Harnessing the power of 2D materials for enhanced sodium-ion battery performance

In the quest for sustainable energy storage solutions, sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) have emerged as promising alternatives to lithium-ion batteries due to the abundance and low cost of sodium resources. Among the key factors influencing the performance of SIBs, the choice of electrode materials stands out as a critical determinant. Two-dimensional (2D) materials have garnered significant attention in this regard owing to their unique properties and tunable characteristics. This comprehensive review delves into recent advancements in the application of various 2D materials for sodium-ion battery technologies. Specifically, we explore the utilization of graphene, phosphorene, transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), and MXenes as electrode materials in SIBs. Through an in-depth analysis of the synthesis methods, structural properties, and electrochemical performance of these materials, this paper provides valuable insights into their potential for enhancing the energy storage capabilities of sodium-ion batteries. Furthermore, the challenges and opportunities associated with the practical implementation of 2D materials in SIBs are discussed, along with perspectives on future research directions aimed at realizing efficient and scalable sodium-ion battery technologies.