摘要
通过绿色方法合成的银纳米粒子可以为提高种子发芽率和抗菌活性提供一种低成本、可重复和环境可持续的解决方案。在本研究中，利用印楝（Azadirachta indica）叶水植物提取物在不同 pH 值（5.7、7、8.5 和 10）条件下合成了不同大小的银纳米粒子（AgNPs），并将 2.5% 的 AgNPs 溶液（分别为 26.54、30.36、27.88 和 26.73 ppm）施用到发芽率较低的西瓜（Citrullus lanatus）四倍体种子上。用紫外-可见分光光度计对 AgNPs 进行了表征，结果表明随着 pH 值的增加，光谱发生蓝移；动态光散射证实随着 pH 值的增加，纳米颗粒的尺寸减小；透射电子显微镜和扫描电子显微镜分析证实了 AgNPs 的球形性质；傅立叶变换红外光谱和拉曼光谱证实了功能基团的存在。然而，在 pH 值为 8.5 时，平均粒径为 51.75 nm 的四倍体（KSP-13379）与未处理的相比，发芽率提高了 83%；在 pH 值为 5.7 时，平均粒径为 142.8 nm 的四倍体（KSP-13379）与未处理的相比，发芽率提高了 70%。与未经处理的种子相比，二倍体品种（KSP-1127 和 BSS-586）的发芽率也分别提高了 21.6% 和 44.5%。与未经处理的 KSP-1127、BSS-586 和 KSP-13379 的 82.22%、60% 和 52.22% 的发芽率相比，AgNP（pH 值为 8.5）纳米微粒在 21 天时的发芽率最高，分别为 100%、86.67% 和 95.56%。在 pH 值为 8.5 的条件下合成的 AgNPs 的大小非常适合四倍体和二倍体品种的种子发芽率、发芽指数、活力指数和植株长度。因此，研究结果表明，在不同的 pH 值水平下进行 AgNPs 纳米微粒化可产生不同大小的纳米粒子，从而提高发芽率、发芽率和苗长。Silver nanoparticles synthesized through green methodologies can offer a low-cost, reproducible, and environmentally sustainable solution for enhancing seed germination and antibacterial activity. In the present study, varying sizes of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized using Neem (Azadirachta indica) leaves aqueous plant extract at varying pH (5.7, 7, 8.5 and 10) and a 2.5% AgNPs solution (26.54, 30.36, 27.88 and 26.73 ppm), respectively, were applied to low germinating tetraploid seeds of watermelon (Citrullus lanatus). The AgNPs were characterized by UV-Visible spectrophotometer resulted blue-shift of spectra as the pH increased, Dynamic light scattering confirmed decreased in size of nanoparticles as the pH increased, Transmission electron microscopy and Scanning electron microscopy analysis confirmed the spherical nature of AgNPs, and the presence of functional groups confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy. However, average size of 51.75 nm at pH 8.5 gave 83% increase in germination, and 70% improvement with average size of 142.8 nm at pH 5.7 for tetraploid (KSP-13379) compared to untreated. A similar increase for diploid varieties (KSP-1127 and BSS-586) observed by 21.6% and 44.5% compared to untreated seeds. The highest germination percentages of 100%, 86.67% and 95.56% were obtained with AgNP (pH 8.5) nanoprimed compared to untreated 82.22%, 60% and 52.22% varieties of KSP-1127, BSS-586 and KSP-13379 respectively, at 21 days. The size of AgNPs synthesized at pH 8.5 is highly suitable for seed germination, germination index, vigor index and plant length of tetraploid and diploid varieties. Hence, the results indicate that AgNPs nanopriming at varying pH levels yields beneficial effects by producing nanoparticles of diverse sizes, thereby improving germination percentage, germination rate, and seedling length.
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