在耐力运动训练期间食用富含多酚的零食可提高男性自行车运动员的一氧化氮生物利用率，但不会提高运动成绩：随机对照试验

IF 3.8 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Current Developments in Nutrition Pub Date : 2025-03-24 DOI:10.1016/j.cdnut.2025.106006

Noah Marc Adrian d’Unienville , Alison M Coates , Alison M Hill , Maximillian J Nelson , Kevin Croft , Catherine Yandell , Jonathan D Buckley

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At the end of LT, HT, and T, endurance exercise performance (5-min cycling time-trial; 5CTT), NO bioavailability (plasma and urine nitrate and nitrite), oxidative stress [plasma F2-isoprostanes (F<sub>2</sub>-Isop)], muscle damage (creatine kinase) and subjective measures of wellbeing were assessed, as well as physiological responses during exercise at 70% maximal aerobic power output.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Compared to LT, 5CTT performance was impaired at HT (<em>d</em> = –0.27, <em>P</em> = 0.01) and improved at T (<em>d</em> = 0.79, <em>P</em> < 0.001), with no difference between treatments (<em>P</em> > 0.81). Compared with CON, during submaximal exercise at 70%, maximal aerobic power output AGC demonstrated higher oxygen consumption (HT: <em>d</em> = 0.46; T: <em>d</em> = 0.38, <em>P</em> < 0.001) and lower respiratory exchange ratio (HT: <em>d</em> = –0.61; T: <em>d</em> = –0.23, <em>P</em> < 0.032). 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引用次数: 0

摘要

背景：抗氧化剂和一氧化氮（NO）前体可以通过减少氧化应激和增加NO的产生来改善耐力运动的表现。杏仁、葡萄干和蔓越莓（AGC）是抗氧化剂和一氧化氮前体的良好来源。目的探讨AGC消耗是否能改善训练后的生理反应和耐力骑行计时赛成绩。方法：在1周的轻训练（LT）后，96名男性休闲训练的自行车运动员在2周的高强度训练（HT）和2周的逐渐减少训练(T)中每天消耗125 g AGC或对照（CON：等热量燕麦棒）。在LT， HT和T结束时，耐力运动表现(5分钟自行车计时赛；5CTT)， NO生物利用度（血浆和尿液硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐），氧化应激[血浆f2 -异前列腺素（F2-Isop）]，肌肉损伤（肌酸激酶）和主观健康指标，以及在70%最大有氧输出时的生理反应进行评估。结果与LT相比，HT组5CTT功能受损（d = -0.27, P = 0.01）， T组5CTT功能改善(d = 0.79, P <；0.001)，治疗间无差异(P >；0.81)。与对照组相比，在70%的次极限运动时，最大有氧能量输出AGC表现出更高的耗氧量(HT: d = 0.46；T: d = 0.38, P <；0.001)和下呼吸交换比(HT: d = -0.61；T: d = -0.23, P <；0.032)。HT组尿液F2-Isop高于LT组（d = 0.21, P = 0.036），血浆F2-Isop低于LT组（d = -0.22, P = 0.008），两组间差异无统计学意义。在高温下，与CON相比，AGC的主观能量浓度（d = 0.21, P = 0.02）和尿亚硝酸盐浓度（d = 0.23, P = 0.03）较高，肌酸激酶（d = 0.24, P = 0.02）较高，疲劳程度较低(d = -0.20；结论AGC虽然不利于5CTT表现或运动效率，但可以增加运动过程中的脂肪氧化、NO生物利用度和主观能量浓度，这可能对健康和福祉有益。该试验在www.anzctr.org.au注册为ACTRN12618000360213。

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Polyphenol-Rich Snack Consumption during Endurance Exercise Training Improves Nitric Oxide Bioavailability but does not Improve Exercise Performance in Male Cyclists: A Randomised Controlled Trial

Background

Antioxidants and nitric oxide (NO) precursors may improve endurance exercise performance by reducing oxidative stress and increasing NO production. Almonds, dried grapes, and cranberries (AGC) are good sources of antioxidants and NO precursors.

Objectives

To determine whether AGC consumption improved physiological responses and endurance cycling time-trial performance in response to training.

Methods

After 1 wk of light training (LT), 96 male recreationally trained cyclists consumed 125 g of AGC or control (CON: isocaloric oat bar) daily during 2 wk of heavy training (HT) and a 2-wk taper (T). At the end of LT, HT, and T, endurance exercise performance (5-min cycling time-trial; 5CTT), NO bioavailability (plasma and urine nitrate and nitrite), oxidative stress [plasma F2-isoprostanes (F₂-Isop)], muscle damage (creatine kinase) and subjective measures of wellbeing were assessed, as well as physiological responses during exercise at 70% maximal aerobic power output.

Results

Compared to LT, 5CTT performance was impaired at HT (d = –0.27, P = 0.01) and improved at T (d = 0.79, P < 0.001), with no difference between treatments (P > 0.81). Compared with CON, during submaximal exercise at 70%, maximal aerobic power output AGC demonstrated higher oxygen consumption (HT: d = 0.46; T: d = 0.38, P < 0.001) and lower respiratory exchange ratio (HT: d = –0.61; T: d = –0.23, P < 0.032). At HT, urine F₂-Isop was higher compared with LT (d = 0.21, P = 0.036), but plasma F₂-Isop was lower (d = –0.22, P = 0.008), with no difference between treatments. At HT, AGC had higher subjective energy concentrations (d = 0.21, P = 0.02) and urinary nitrite (d = 0.23, P = 0.03) compared with CON and higher creatine kinase (d = 0.24, P = 0.02) and less fatigue (d = –0.20; P = 0.05) at T.

Conclusions

Although not beneficial for 5CTT performance or exercise efficiency, AGC increases fat oxidation during exercise, NO bioavailability, and subjective energy concentrations, which may confer benefits for health and wellbeing.

This trial was registered at www.anzctr.org.au as ACTRN12618000360213.

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