Digital literacy, digital accessibility, human capital, and entrepreneurial resilience: a case for dynamic business ecosystems

This study examines the role of digital literacy, digital accessibility, and human capital in fostering entrepreneurial resilience among entrepreneurs in Qatar and the United Arab Emirates (UAE). These countries serve as exemplary models in digital transformation, particularly in navigating crises such as the COVID-19 pandemic. Grounded in the resource-based view and the theory of dynamic capabilities, this research investigates how these factors contribute to entrepreneurial resilience. This study employs structural equation modeling to analyze survey data from 317 individuals with entrepreneurial experience. According to the findings, digital literacy, accessibility, and human capital significantly enhance innovation, strengthening entrepreneurial resilience. Agility is identified as a key moderator, amplifying the positive impact of these competencies on resilience. Although the success of entrepreneurial ecosystems has often been attributed to entrepreneurial actors, resource providers, connectors, or entrepreneurial intentions, this study underscores the importance of fostering digital competencies and agility to build resilient entrepreneurial ecosystems. It offers policymakers and business leaders insights into the mechanisms that enhance resilience in dynamic and crisis-affected environments where the digital landscape is rapidly evolving.