Development and evaluation of the patient engagement questionnaire (PEQ)

Objective

We sought to develop and evaluate the Patient Engagement Questionnaire (PEQ); a brief, remote assessment that captures both measures of health literacy and patient activation in the context of engagement in healthcare.

Methods

Participants in the COVID-19 & Chronic Conditions cohort study completed a survey that included PEQ items, demographics, Newest Vital Sign, Consumer Health Activation Index, and patient-reported outcomes. Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor Analysis were used to conduct an item reduction process and assess fit. Spearman correlations and generalized linear regression models were performed to assess convergent and predictive validity. Stratum-specific likelihood ratios were used to determine cutoffs.

Results

630 participants completed the survey. PEQ had 6 items loading onto one single factor, with good reliability (α = 0.76), and convergent validity with the NVS (r = 0.30, p < 0.001) and CHAI (r = 0.41, p < 0.001). Higher PEQ scores were significantly associated with lower depression (r = −0.30, p < 0.001) and better physical function (r = 0.31, p < 0.01). Two categories emerged: limited (6–26, SSLR: 3.15) and adequate (26–30, SSLR: 0.53).

Conclusion

The PEQ is a brief and easily administered tool designed to capture the intersect between health literacy and activation.

Practice implications

The PEQ will help identify patients struggling with care engagement, aiding resource allocation to those most in need.