Bismuth-based photocatalysts for formaldehyde photodegradation: a review and prospects

In the last several decades, Bismuth (Bi)-based photocatalysts have received widespread attention in the area of formaldehyde (FA) photodegradation because of their visible light response characteristics, unique layered structure, tunable electronic band structure. Although Bi-based photocatalysts has inherent advantages, its solar energy conversion and mineralization efficiency still needs to be significantly improved. In order to enhance their photocatalytic performance, many research investigations are conducted out. The preparation techniques for Bi-based catalysts and various methods to improve the effectiveness of photocatalytic degradation are systematically discussed in this article. In addition, this review provides a detailed introduction of FA degradation by different Bi-based photocatalysts, aiming to explore the performance of Bi-based catalysts in FA degradation. This review provides fresh concepts for designing more efficient, green, and stable Bi-based photocatalysts, while offering valuable insights for their practical application in the degradation of indoor pollutants. Lastly, it discusses the future prospects and challenges of Bi-based photocatalytic materials.