Brassica oleracea L. Anthocyanin-based films for intelligent packaging: A concise review

Anthocyanin-based films derived from Brassica oleracea L. have gained significant attention for their potential application in intelligent packaging systems. These bioactive films serve as visual indicators of food freshness and quality, leveraging the pH-sensitive properties of anthocyanins. This review examines the extraction methods and structural properties of anthocyanin-based films, emphasizing their response mechanisms to the presence, absence, or concentration of chemicals, as well as their interactions with food components and gaseous substances. Key findings demonstrate their effectiveness in detecting spoilage through colorimetric changes, while also offering biodegradable and sustainable packaging solutions. The application of the films towards perishable food was discussed to deal with increasing food shortages, caused by a combination of waste and an ever-expanding world population. Challenges of anthocyanin application in food packaging such as limited mechanical strength and stability under varying conditions are discussed. Recent advancements in film formulation, such as incorporating nanoparticles and cross-linking agents to improve the stability and degradation, are examined to address these limitations. This review underscores the potential of B. oleracea anthocyanin-based films as a multifunctional tool in intelligent packaging, paving the way for innovative, eco-friendly solutions in the food industry.