Resilience assessment of linear transportation sections considering multi-dimensional time-varying couplings

Transportation infrastructure, as a critical component of urban lifelines, plays a pivotal role in post-disaster emergency passage, directly influencing rescue efficiency and socio-economic operations. However, existing resilience assessment methods for linear sections exhibit significant limitations: on one hand, they fail to adequately capture the dynamic processes of post-disaster emergency passage; on the other hand, these methods are often confined to single-dimensional resilience evaluation indicators, with limited consideration of the coupled relationships and time-varying characteristics among multi-dimensional indicators. To address these issues, a flexible operation mode reflecting the dynamic processes of emergency passage is proposed, based on the post-disaster emergency passage requirements of transportation facilities. A historical case database incorporating flexible operation techniques is established. Resilience evaluation indicators and grading thresholds corresponding to three dimensions—system performance, section characteristics, and topological structure—are proposed. A resilience assessment method that considers the coupling and time-varying effects of multiple dimensions is established, and the method is validated through an analysis of a bridge damaged by flooding. It is demonstrated that the flexible operation case library possesses the characteristics of capacity enhancement, responsiveness and recovery, emergency and temporariness, and time-varying and dynamics, which correspond to the dimensions of system performance, section characteristics, topological structure, and dynamic time variation in the resilience assessment, respectively. Time-varying coupling weights can dynamically reveal the relationships between the flexible operation time and the resilience evaluation dimensions. By employing the resilience assessment method of performance coefficient→time-varying coupling weight→comprehensive evaluation index→assessment decision, the coupling effects between different dimensions can be evaluated, reflecting the comprehensive performance of transportation sections under flexible operation conditions.