Driving scene image Dehazing model based on multi-branch and multi-scale feature fusion

Image dehazing is critical for enhancing image quality in applications such as autonomous driving, surveillance, and remote sensing. This paper presents an innovative image dehazing model based on a multi-branch and multi-scale feature fusion network that leverages spatial and frequency information. The model features a multi-branch architecture that combines local and global features through depthwise separable convolutions and state space models, effectively capturing both detailed and comprehensive information to improve dehazing performance. Additionally, a specialized module integrates spatial and frequency domain information by utilizing convolutional layers and Fourier transforms, enabling comprehensive haze removal through the fusion of these two domains. A feature fusion mechanism incorporates channel attention and residual connections, dynamically adjusting the importance of different channel features while preserving the global structural information of the input image. Furthermore, this is the first model to combine Mamba and convolution layers for driving scene image dehazing, achieving global feature extraction with linear complexity. Each image is processed in only 0.030 s, with a frame rate of 32.41 FPS and a processing efficiency of 67.96 MPx/s, ensuring high efficiency suitable for real-time applications. Extensive experiments on real-world foggy driving scene datasets demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed method, providing reliable visual perception capabilities and significantly improving adaptability and robustness in complex environments.